• Enermix

  Depending on the specific situation, it may be better to switch to the use of En-strip or Ercal. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert [...] carefully inside the greenhouse Bend and tear off the strips opposite to the mounting hole Make sure not to touch the pupae during handling Suspend the cards in [...] in the crop, if possible approximately 75 cm under the plant head Avoid to hang cards at places exposed to direct sunlight Dosage The dosage of Enermix

• Angular leaf spot

  used, they are translucent. When conditions are humid, a viscous bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film [...] visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic. The foliar symptoms are the most important [...] important, but also all types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection. Life cycle

• Dwarf bunt

  appearance of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection [...] distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures are formed. These can germinate [...] sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and

• Powdery mildew

  entering through the stomata and there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf. On the upper side, yellow spots are noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic [...] cells. Most of the fungus remains on the outside of the plant surface. On the mycelium on the plant surface, new conidiophores are formed, structures which [...] cereals, the ears may also be infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by

• Southern blight

  darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root. As a consequence, leaves higher up in the plant start yellowing [...] lesions on the stem. As the damage progresses, it causes darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root [...] causing infection in the plants. The sclerotia can survive in the soil for a minimum of a year. The telemorphic phase corresponds to the basidiomycetes Athelia

• Charcoal rot

  Cutting the roots may show the same discolouration of the internal tissues of the main roots. In most crops, necrotic lesions on the roots are the first [...] by wilting, dropping of leaves and collapse of the entire plant. Life cycle and appearance of Charcoal rot The fungus survives in the soil and on crop residues [...] 24 hours the fungus infects the roots of the host by direct penetration via germ tubes. During the next two days, necrotic spots occur on the roots and

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant [...] is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential [...] s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish

• Verticillium wilt

  that are transported upwards with the transpiration stream. As a defence mechanism, the plant produces gum in the vessels. The presence of both the fungus [...] In the beginning the plant seems to recover at night. The symptoms may occur only in parts of the plant. Cutting the stalk horizontally reveals a slight [...] residues. The fungus infects the roots of plants, directly or through wounds caused by for example nematodes. The fungus then grows into the vessels of the plant

• Bacterial spot

  by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial [...] which are first round and become more angular as they grow. The centre of the lesions may fall out as they become drier. Under humid conditions, the spots [...] plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity of the greenhouse or field Resistant cultivars of pepper are available and should be used Prevent plant

• Early blight

  occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria