• Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

  event of a fever occurring or a grade 1 reaction, contact a GP. The decision can be made to keep an eye on the situation and see how things go. A period [...] injected venom develops. The response to a bumblebee sting can differ per incident. The stinger of a bumblebee or a wasp has no barbs. This means that the [...] can withdraw her stinger, and is able to sting again. A honeybee’s stinger does have barbs. When a honeybee tries to withdraw its stinger, it tears loose

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  disease development. How to prevent Root and crown rot of strawberry Avoid stress: Take runner tips at the right stage to avoid stress and make plants less s [...] clavispora. Pestalotiopsis clavispora has been connected to strawberry diseases, but has also been linked to rose diseases. Damage symptoms Pestalotiopsis clavispora [...] Avoid overhead irrigation, since it seems to increase disease development Provide balanced nutrition Avoid damage to the plants by pest insects or plant handling

• Parasitic wasps

  wasp laying its eggs inside or on a host pest. Here's how it works: Egg laying: A female parasitic wasp seeks out a suitable host pest. The choice of host [...] ensuring a higher yield and product quality. Environmental sustainability : Parasitic wasps provide a natural and environmentally responsible solution to pest [...] decreases. This, in turn, creates a more balanced ecosystem in the crop, which can enhance overall crop health and resilience. A diverse ecosystem often means

• Leaf stripe

  soil temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection [...] chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for this [...] General Pyrenophora graminea is a disease of Barley that causes significant yield losses. Damage symptoms Symptoms first occur on the first, second and

• Gummy stem blight

  the disease downwards. How to prevent Gummy stem blight Before cropping: Remove all crop debris and disinfect the greenhouse Choose a cultivar that is less [...] Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves Pick flowers within two days after opening [...] General Mycosphaerella cucumis (Didymella bryoniae) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in

• Powdery mildew

  clothing. How to prevent Powdery mildew Use resistant cultivars whenever available Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it [...] it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses, it is advised to first ventilate by only opening the windows [...] noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic, the fluffy colonies also appear on the upper side of the leaves. Many sweet pepper cultivars react to powdery mildew

• Fusarium wilt

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] Most Fusarium species only make asexual spores. Some also produce ascospores. The Fusarium oxysporum life cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species [...] small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. How to prevent Fusarium wilt Remove or destroy crop residues Choose resistant cultivars

• Beneficial nematodes

  caterpillars , and weevil and beetle larvae. Its ability to adapt to different temperatures makes it a good choice for controlling caterpillars in various crops [...] What are nematodes? Nematodes, commonly referred to as roundworms, are a diverse group of worms belonging to the phylum Nematoda. Nematodes are characterized [...] no residue How do nematodes work? Beneficial nematodes use a fascinating strategy for parasitizing and killing their host insects. Here's how they work:

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] scab Most Fusarium species only make asexual spores. Some also produce ascospores. In general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium [...] (25-30 °C) and humid (RH above 85%) conditions increase chances of infection. How to prevent Fusarium head blight or scab Remove or destroy crop residues Choose

• Fusarium spp.

  best-known. The mycotoxins are toxic to mammals so maximum levels have been determined. Fusarium sambucinum (a.k.a. F. sulphureum ) causes dry rot of potato [...] Fusarium spp. is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are [...] pink sporulation becomes visible. Fusarium solani is a complex of many species, who collectively have a very broad host range. F. solani causes foot and/or