• Pollination checklist tomato

  period. Shade can be provided by the crop, a crate, or other screening methods. During periods with extreme temperatures, extra measures will be required such [...] Koppert's Pollination Checklist indicates how the best pollination results can be achieved. Download Poster During pollination, a bumblebee bites onto the flower [...] 80%. A relative humidity of more than 80%-85% will result in pollen not being released and the bumblebees will become inactive. Below 50% RH, the germination

• Leaf stripe

  Infected plants may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels [...] kernels may be brown. The symptoms do not always occur together. Life cycle and appearance of Leaf stripe Pyrenophora graminea is monocyclic, which means

• Verticillium wilt

  senescence, without any other typical symptoms. In many crops, the fungus can be present without clear symptoms or with only partial wilting. Life cycle and [...] vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium [...] plant takes place via water, soil particles, tools, etc. Verticillium can also be seed-borne and tuber-borne. The optimum temperature for Verticillium albo-atrum

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  approximately 20 °C whereas at 10 °C the lesions are light-brown. The lesions can be enclosed by pseudostromata: dark coloured tissue that looks like black stripes [...] usually restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only vascular tissue remains [...] or sterilized soil and substrate. It aggregates, so disinfection needs to be applied thoroughly and evenly. Phomopsis sclerotioides forms sclerotia which

• Fusarium spp.

  the xylem vessels, which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die, and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many [...] pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. Three pathogens can be distinguished: Fusarium oxysporum ( Fusarium wilt ): Many different hosts [...] plant parts, the typical boat-shaped pink macroconidia are produced, which may be dispersed further. How to prevent Fusarium spp? Remove or destroy crop residues

• Charcoal rot

  spores. Microsclerotia can be dispersed in soil particles by farm equipment, people, packing materials etc. The fungus may be transferred on seed but this [...] infected plants collapse and die. When the crown is cut, internal symptoms can be seen, such as discolouration of vascular and cortex tissue (outer tissue layer)

• Fusarium wilt

  of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many [...] residues Choose resistant cultivars Use clean propagation materials (seed can be treated effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops

• Phytophthora blight

  usually circling the stem. On potato tubers, blueish lesions appear, that can be seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused [...] wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via [...] susceptible or resistant cultivars when available Prevent over-irrigating and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  potatoes or other Solaneceaous crops can be planted for five years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection [...] in the field, spraying may also spread the bacteria. The bacteria can also be dispersed by machinery, crates and tools. The bacteria infect the new plants

• Cottony soft rot

  soft rot. In the mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur [...] mycelial growth. How to prevent Cottony soft rot Practice dry cultivation/be careful with irrigation Use wide plant spacing Remove diseased plants in a