Disease control

Late blight, early blight, and fire blight are examples of diseases characterized by rapid wilting and dieback of plant tissues. Examples are:

• pomegranate bacterial blight,
• blight of pepper
• early blight
• fusarium head blight or scab
• gummy stem blight
• phytophthora blight
• southern blight

Canker diseases lead to the formation of sunken, dead areas on plant stems and branches, affecting tree and shrub species. Examples:

• Apple canker
• Citrus canker
• Bacterial canker of tomato
• Pine canker
• Grape canker
• Stone fruit canker
• Rose canker
• Fire blight
• Walnut canker
• Poplar canker

These diseases cause circular or irregular spots on plant leaves and can be caused by various pathogens, including fungi and bacteria. Examples are:

• Early blight
• Phytophthora blight or Late blight
• Septoria leaf spot
• Cercospora leaf spot
• Anthracnose
• Apple scab
• Black spot
• Powdery mildew
• Rust
• Angular leaf spot

Powdery mildew and downy mildew are fungal diseases that create powdery or fuzzy growth on plant surfaces. Examples are:

• grape powdery mildew
• downy mildew of cucurbits
• downy mildew of rose
• grape downy mildew

Some plant diseases are transmitted by insects or other pests. For example, aphids can transmit plant viruses. Examples:

• Citrus greening (huanglongbing)
• Potato leafroll virus
• Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
• Plum pox virus
• Pierce's disease of grapevine
• Dutch elm disease
• Aster yellows
• Banana bunchy top virus
• Maize mosaic virus
• Coconut lethal yellowing disease

Diseases like Rhizoctonia root rot and Pythium root rot affect plant roots, leading to poor root development and reduced plant health. Plant-parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot nematodes, can infest plant roots, causing reduced nutrient uptake and stunted growth. Examples:

• Root rot
• Black root rot of cucurbits
• Brown root rot, corky root rot
• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall
• Root and crown rot of strawberry
• Rhizoctonia root rot
• Pythium root rot
• Fusarium wilt
• Verticillium wilt
• Clubroot
• Crown gall
• Root knot nematodes
• Sclerotinia rot
• Phytophthora root rot

Rust diseases cause rust-colored pustules on plant surfaces, affecting various crops like wheat, beans, and roses.

Diseases like Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, and root rot can lead to wilting, yellowing of leaves, and plant death. Vascular wilt diseases block the plant's vascular system, causing wilting and reduced water and nutrient transport. Examples are:

• fusarium wilt
• pomegranate wilt complex
• verticillium wilt
• bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot
• bacterial wilt, brown rot,
• crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall
• apple collar rot
• black root rot of cucurbits
• black rot of carrots
• brown root rot, corky root rot
• charcoal rot
• cottony soft rot
• monilinia or brown rot of fruit
• root and crown rot of strawberry