Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range [...] Verticillium or Fusarium wilts. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered [...] considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical regions and is transferred by the

Integrated Pest Management

soil borne pests or diseases, but also well-balanced minerals in the soil matrix or nutrient solution and a porous structure of soil or substrate that allows [...] as IPM, is a sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to pest management. It employs a combination of strategies to prevent and control pests [...] Integrated Pest Management is a dynamic and multifaceted strategy for pest control. It combines biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools to manage

Cotton bollworm

buds, flowers, fruits or on leaves. They are almost spherical with a flattened base and a diameter of about 0.5 mm. They are at first a shiny yellowish white [...] mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings [...] stop growing, mature rapidly, and drop off. In legumes, flowers are attacked, and seed pods may be pierced. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton bollworm

Cut flowers

Argentina to Mexico and the Caribbean. Is grown from a bulb as a cut flower or sold as a pot plant. Freesia : The freesia is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant [...] There are more than a hundred species and thousands of different cultivars. Hydrangea, or Hydrangea , has its origins in Asia and North and South America. Some [...] been grown as a cut flower in all sorts of colors and sizes. Hippeastrum is the Latin name for a bulbous plant that originates from Central and South America

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no bacteria have been isolated from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change in [...] from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant. How to prevent Crazy roots [...] known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agrobacterium vitis, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium rubi, n ow the first part

Mushroom

Mushroom A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source [...] by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets have been commercially [...] sterilized environments. Several varieties of A. bisporus are grown commercially, including whites, crimini, and portobello. Many other mushroom varieties

Pollination checklist outdoor

entrance visible for humans and bumblebees during the flowering period. For instance, position the hive on a crate or on a stack of stones. Flowering weeds [...] on the crop and the presence of other pollinating insects. Bumblebees and honeybees are able to complement each other's pollination work and can therefore [...] therefore mow or cut down any flowering weeds in and around the area to be pollinated. Protect the hive against strong winds. Position the hive in a sheltered

Koppert One

pesticides on beneficial organisms and pollinators Pesticides can have both direct and indirect effects on natural enemies and pollinators. Our Side Effects [...] laying), problems with regard to moulting, or a repellent effect. The data within this database serves as a valuable reference for integrating chemical [...] pesticides, considering both direct impacts like mortality or hindered development from eggs or pupae, as well as indirect effects such as reduced fertility

Caterpillars

on leaves and young shoots, and their enormous feeding capacity can rapidly decimate a plant. Very small caterpillars are not able to chew and therefore [...] Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. Butterflies and moths form the order Lepidoptera, a very large group with more than 150,000 species [...] intact. Flowers, fruits and growing tips can also be eaten by larger caterpillars. Some species mine in leaves or bore holes into fruit or stems, making them

Flies

fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates [...] re and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage or nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae (sciarid flies) and Ephydridae [...] immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The lesions caused by feeding larvae provide