Pierce's disease of grapevine

fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium which is limited to xylem tissue. It has many hosts, many of which show minor or no symptoms. More and more plant [...] is best known in grapevine, stone fruit (peach and plum) and citrus, where it causes diseases such as Pierce's disease of grapevines, phony peach disease [...] leaf scald, citrus variegated chlorosis and quick decline syndrome. Recently, it is becoming more problematic in olive. Life cycle and appearance of Pierce's

Diamond back moth

now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered to be the most universally distributed lepidopteran species. It is highly migratory [...] Plutellidae . It only attacks Brassicaceae species, including cruciferous weeds. The diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in

Onion

however, the plant is mostly handled as an annual and harvested at the end of its first production season. Onions are popular and therefore cultivated and used [...] cooking all around the world. Their flesh is pungent when chopped, because it contains particular chemical elements that irritate the eyes. Recommended

Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

barbs. When a honeybee tries to withdraw its stinger, it tears loose from the abdomen, taking the venom gland with it. How to prevent bumblebee stings? Bumblebees [...] reduced by avoiding provoking them or making them aggressive. First of all, it is important to be calm when working with bumblebees. Do not wave your arms [...] couple of hours. This can occur directly after the sting, but more generally it starts after some hours. The swelling or itching may last for hours or even

Chula Brand is a pioneer in biological pest control in papaya

This has contributed to achieving its mission as a producer company, to improve and care for the health of the crop, its workers and the final consumer, [...] papayas, which has managed to control the pests responsible for losses in its production in a safe and effective way. Chula Brand is a company with more [...] to the resistance generated by these pests, Chula Brand began to develop its biological control programs in cooperation with Koppert more than two years

Green peach aphid

The aphid may originate from Asia, where its winter-hardy host plant, the peach tree, is native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution [...] persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared [...] The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew

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Oleander aphid

temperate regions throughout the world. It probably originated in the Mediterranean region, the origin of its principal host plant, oleander. Life cycle [...] important ornamental plants in the families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds ( Asclepias sp.). The

Tomato leaf miner

In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses [...] white, older larvae have a yellow head. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat into the leaf at once, tunnelling down into the mesophyll tissue [...] pupating, the grown larva cuts a sickle-shaped exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls

Maize

years ago, maize was domesticated by the indigenous communities in Mexico and it still plays a main role in the preparation of Mexican food dishes. The leafy [...] practices. Nowadays, maize is extensively cultivated all over the world. When it comes to numbers and volumes; there is more maize produced every year (in