Peanut

atmospheric nitrogen and improves the soil fertility. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics. It is classified as both oil crop due to high oil content

Dwarf bunt

Tilletia controversa Dwarf bunt General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard [...] in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. The seedlings are infected after

Black leg of seedlings

of seedlings General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer [...] Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real fungus. It survives as oospores, resting spores which are resistant to unfavourable

Spotted Wing Drosophila

Drosophila suzukii Spotted Wing Drosophila General Since the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from [...] from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and Europe where it has caused severe yield losses in many berry crops, cherries and grapes. Life [...] bacteria, fungi and yeasts). Finally, deterioration of fruit can increase its susceptibility to attack by other Drosophila species. D. suzukii has a wide

Soybean

soya bean is a so-called legume and indigenous to East Asia. It is extensively cultivated for its edible beans. The fruit of the plant is a hairy pod, that

Cucumber

y in India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant is a creeping [...] itself with thin, spiraling tendrils. The cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated, cylindrical fruit that may become as long as 60 cm

Apple

apple tree belongs to the rose family and is now cultivated for its fruit all over the world. It is the most common cultivated species of the genus Malus .

Mushroom

fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several [...] these, Agaricus bisporus , is considered safe for most people to eat because it is grown in controlled, sterilized environments. Several varieties of A. bisporus

Potato

word ‘potato’ ( S olanum tuberosum ) is used to refer to the plant itself or its edible tuber. The plant is an herbaceous perennial and came to Europe from [...] world, after maize, wheat and rice. Potato plants grow up to some 60 cm tall. Its leaves die after flowering, fruiting and the development of the potatoes.

Orange

derives from pomelo ( Citrus maxima ) and mandarin ( Citrus reticulata ). Its genes can be traced to about 25% pomelo and some 75% mandarin. The hybrid [...] hybrid, but the orange is actually hybridized over multiple generations. When it comes to the fruit of various kinds of oranges, the fruit of the Citrus X