Chula Brand is a pioneer in biological pest control in papaya

agricultural practices that can be implemented in open field crops. This is confirmed by Chula Brand, a leading company in the production and export of [...] responsible for losses in its production in a safe and effective way. Chula Brand is a company with more than 20 years of experience in the production and distribution [...] such as pineapple and lime. An important part of their mission as a producer is to contribute to healthy food in the world and, to achieve this, they must

Black rot of carrots

radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] years. Damage symptoms Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) causes death of seedlings and dark brown lesions with a yellow halo on leaves, growing

Leaf stripe

graminea is monocyclic, which means there is only one disease cycle during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the [...] merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for this disease. Infected [...] infection. The fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when humidity is high and wind-dispersed to n

Cotton aphid

and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein [...] General The cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) is an extremely polyphagous aphid found on more than 700 plant species. Crop plants attacked by this aphid

Cutworms

Damage from these instars is usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed [...] ground, thereby often cutting the stems of young plants. This is where their common name comes from. Cutworms are vey polyphagous and have a wide host range [...] orange-yellow with a broad dark marginal stripe. The wingspan is about 40-55 mm and the dorsal thorax is covered with close-lying hairs. The eggs are white at

Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

stinger, as is the case with honeybees and wasps. Drones cannot sting. The stinger is a weapon for defence. When a bee stings, some venom is injected into [...] Immunol 2006; 6: 294-7. A printed poster showing the images is available from Koppert. This poster is also available as a download (URL). Tip: Add the contact [...] stinger, and is able to sting again. A honeybee’s stinger does have barbs. When a honeybee tries to withdraw its stinger, it tears loose from the abdomen

Green peach aphid

peach tree, is native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution. The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is a particularly [...] subsp. persicae ) is an important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its [...] host plants from more than 40 different families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most

Tobacco aphid

Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) probably evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States [...] and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein

Red palm weevil

originates from tropical Asia, but has spread to Africa and Europe with distribution through the Mediterranean since the 1980s. Damage symptoms It is very difficult [...] palms, direct or indirect destruction of the apical bud will lead to the death of the plant, which makes the red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus [...] makes them the largest weevil of Europe and North Africa. Their colour ranges from entirely orange-red to all black with all intermediates, depending on the

Anagyrus vladimiri

Anagyrus vladimiri Anagyrus vladimiri is a parasitic wasp belonging to the Encyrtidae family. This parasitic wasp is particularly effective for mealybug [...] vladimiri The parasitic wasp Anagyrus vladimir is available in a bottle ( Citripar ). Remove the label from the bottle according to the instructions Hang [...] wasp Anagyrus vladimiri is most effective at temperatures around 25°C/77°F. The lowest temperature at which development can occur is 13°C/55°F; the highest