Cotton aphid

Aphis gossypii ) is an extremely polyphagous aphid found on more than 700 plant species. Crop plants attacked by this aphid include cotton, citrus, coffee [...] and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed [...] early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content

Asian citrus psyllid

inserts its mouthparts into plant tissue to feed. Adults feed on young stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems [...] bacteria into their bodies by feeding on bacteria-infected plants and then disease is spread when adults fly to a healthy plant and injects bacteria into it as [...] spots at maturity. Eggs are anchored to plant tissue in an upright position, and large numbers of eggs may be found on a single spot. Nymphs are green or dull

Biological seed treatment

treatment enhances crop yields while helping plants to fight off plant pathogens and minimize biotic stress; The plant growth promoting microorganisms colonize [...] treatment? Biological seed treatment has beneficial effects on the growth, resilience of the plant, abiotic stress, the development of the root system, and [...] abiotic stress, like drought-, salinity stress, and improve the uptake of plant nutrients. What is biological seed treatment? Biological seed treatment consists

Pepper

habanero. The pepper plant is native to tropical America. Pepper plants are perennials, but are typically grown as summer annuals. Pepper plants are propagated [...] The pepper plant (genus Capsicum ) belongs to the nightshade family Solanaceae. This plant genus includes all varieties of peppers, including the mild [...] or by transplanting seedlings in a greenhouse environment. Plant height can vary depending on species and variety. Tall varieties grown in commercial g

Citrus mealybug

diverse host plants. In temperate regions of the world this mealybug poses a problem in greenhouse horticulture, and in the tropics and sub-tropics on outdoor [...] aubergine. Damage symptoms Although most species of mealybug feed on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract their nourishment from roots, whilst [...] harmful viruses. Mealybugs inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation

Orius laevigatus

feeding on thrips. They also consume pollen and plant juices, which can supplement their diet when prey is scarce. By regularly inspecting plants and noting [...] predator feeding on thrips . The prey is pierced with the mouthparts and the body contents are consumed. All stages of thrips are preyed on. Orius laevigatus [...] per day on average). Adult females can kill up to 20 nymphs or six to seven adults per day. They are also cannibalistic. In pollen producing plants, younger

Root rot of carrot

an olive-green mycelium can develop on the surface. Initially, the disease forms circular to irregular spots on the leaves that vary in colour from grey [...] General Black spots on cold-stored carrots are a major problem and can lead to significant postharvest losses Several different fungal pathogens cause [...] known as black spot diseases. When carrots are stored during winter, diseases on the carrot roots can continue to develop during storage. Alternaria radicina

Caterpillars

that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces photosynthesis, weakens plants and directly [...] Most of them feed on nectar. In contrast, the caterpillars have biting and chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue. Many species [...] economic damage. Most species feed on leaves and young shoots, and their enormous feeding capacity can rapidly decimate a plant. Very small caterpillars are

Black root rot of cucurbits

annually Disinfect nutrient solution and irrigation water Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] sclerotioides) Black root rot of cucurbits General Phomopsis sclerotioides is a plant pathogen infecting cucurbits, causing black root rot of cucurbits. Life cycle [...] Phomopsis sclerotioides causes grey-black spots with a dark demarcation line on cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around

Loose smut of barley

inside the plant into the growing tip and the seed primordia. It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed on systemically [...] of seeds from infected fields for further cropping Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.