Bacterial wilt, brown rot

is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential [...] plants. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism [...] United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical regions and is transferred by the introduction of propagation materials

Damping-off

roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium [...] stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group [...] considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example

Beet armyworm

greenhouse and the field, it is a major pest of sweet pepper. Life cycle and appearance of Beet armyworm The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a small, [...] The colour and pattern of the caterpillars is highly variable and depends partly on the host plant, the stage of development and the climate. A full-grown [...] lays its eggs in packets, sometimes in several layers, and on top of a mass of white, cottony hairs and scales from the moth’s body. The eggs, usually grey

Diglyphus isaea

isaea is most effective at temperatures between 15°C and 25°C (59 and 77°F). Behaviour of the parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea is a parasitoid [...] as a result of which the leaf miner larva dies. A few days after being parasitized, the leaf miner larva turns flaccid and brown. Older larvae of D. isaea [...] nectar and honeydew. Life cycle and appearance of Diglyphus isaea Because Diglyphus isaea is an ectoparasite, all instars (egg, larva, pupa and adult)

Crane flies

larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal [...] do not cause any damage. Damage symptoms Larval feeding causes brown spots in grasslands, turf and cereal fields. Exit holes of the burrows of the larvae [...] Secondary damage may come from birds and rodents feeding on larvae and digging up turf. Life cycle and appearance of Crane flies Adult crane flies are large

Diamond back moth

with a few short hairs and small white patches. The larva has five pairs of prolegs; one pair of prolegs protrudes from the posterior end, forming a distinctive [...] weak fliers and can disperse, on average, only 13 to 35 m within a crop field, however, they are readily carried by the wind and as such can disperse 400 [...] flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods and seeds. Solution Finder Find solutions for your crop Damage symptoms How to get rid of Diamond back

Anagyrus vladimiri

repeated at least 3 times at an interval of 1-2 weeks. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best [...] fluids of its mealybug hosts. This behavior serves a dual purpose, including nutritional intake and pre-reproductive conditioning. Life cycle and appearance [...] Anagyrus vladimiri is a parasitic wasp belonging to the Encyrtidae family. This parasitic wasp is particularly effective for mealybug control, a common pest affecting

Plant Health

adaptation and promote root and shoot growth, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis efficiency. Humic and fulvic acids: enhancing plant development Humic and fulvic [...] components of humus, improve seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass development of roots and shoots. They also exhibit suppressive effects on certain [...] to agriculture and integrating natural methods, growers can enhance plant resilience, promote sustainable practices, and contribute to a healthier planet

Bacterial spot

Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial spot Xanthomonas [...] volunteer plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity of the greenhouse or field Resistant cultivars of pepper are available and should be used [...] field and on diseased plant debris. The bacteria are also seed-transmitted. Disease development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high

Citrus leaf miner

leaf tissues of tender leaves and feeding on them produces snake-like mine. This causes the leaves to curl and twist. Severe infestation causes the leaves [...] badly, dry off and growth retardation of younger trees. Life cycle and appearance The moth lays the eggs singly up to 50 on lower surface of the leaves near [...] after hatching from the egg and starts mining between the two layers. The larvae excrete their faeces into the mine forming a visible trail. Pupation occurs