Loose smut of barley

affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Life cycle and appearance of Loose [...] but viability and germination rate should be checked and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use [...] during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates

Green peach aphid

peach tree, is native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution. The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is a particularly [...] persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by [...] growers. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving

Tobacco aphid

Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also e [...] aubergine, chrysanthemum, and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance [...] individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a reddish abdomen. There is a dark brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across

Asian citrus psyllid

Huanglongbing. It is widely distributed in southern Asia and the disease is responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In [...] southern states and Mexico however the state of Florida is the most affected area by the vectored disease. Damage symptoms The psyllid is a sucking insect [...] young stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting copious amounts of honeydew and a thread-like

Glasshouse potato aphid

where the plant is pierced is unimportant. The piercing of the lower leaves in the crop can cause deformed growth above with lumpy leaves and curled leaf margins [...] complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born [...] potato aphid is rather squat, of medium size (1.8 - 3.0 mm long) and oval in shape. It has a light yellow-green to brown-green colour, and has an overall

Greenhouse whitefly

of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result [...] which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction [...] egg, first, second, third and fourth larval stage (often referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found

Diamond back moth

xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered [...] flower buds, flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods and seeds. Life cycle and appearance of Diamond back moth The oval and flattened eggs of the [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface

Tobacco whitefly

tabaci ) is feared because of its high level of resistance to many insecticides and its propensity for the transmission of viruses. Life cycle and appearance [...] egg, first, second, third and fourth larval stage (often referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found [...] vaporariorum ), but is slightly smaller and yellower. More distinctively, the wings of the tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) are held vertical and parallel along

Tea mosquito bug

Life cycle and appearance Adult is slender 6 - 8mm long, black colour with red thorax, black and white abdomen and greenish brown wings. Females is capable [...] Helopeltis antonii attack cashew nut guava, neem and tea. Damage symptoms Helopeltis is a sucking pest. Nymphs and adults are damaging stages which suck the sap [...] punctured snot to dry and die, curling of leaves, badly deformed and eventually fall off. The infested shoot also shows same such spots and subsequently drying

Whitefly

nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, [...] can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. By sucking plant sap and secreting [...] whitefly , Trialeurodes vaporariorum , and the tobacco whitefly , Bemisia tabaci . Both are widespread, polyphagous and are broadly comparable in outline.