• Tobacco whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) [...] which the red eyes and white wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result

• Diamond back moth

  January 1, 1970

  quite small and active. Except for the first instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back [...] may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is pinkish-white to pinkish-yellow and changes to brown before adult emergence. The adult of the diamond back [...] one-third of the forewing is ochreous-white, with a nearly white upper edge. In females, the upper two-thirds of the forewings are light ochreous and the markings

• Tomato

  January 1, 1970

  About The tomato plant ( Solanum lycopersicum) belongs to the nightshade family of Solanaceae . The tomato is the edible fruit of this plant. The plant [...] plant is native to Central and South America and the tropical highlands. Tomato plants usually grow to a height of between 1-3 metres (or 3-10 feet). Their [...] Their stem is not so strong, so if not supported (like in a greenhouse) the stem often extends over the ground. Indeterminate tomato types are so-called ‘tender’

• Codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  seen and is usually plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass. [...] The entry point is then greatly enlarged as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits usually ripen prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and [...] It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen

• Asian citrus psyllid

  January 1, 1970

  most of the southern states and Mexico however the state of Florida is the most affected area by the vectored disease. Damage symptoms The psyllid is a sucking [...] Huanglongbing. It is widely distributed in southern Asia and the disease is responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In [...] (HLB). Nymphs and adults of the psyllid take the bacteria into their bodies by feeding on bacteria-infected plants and then disease is spread when adults

• American serpentine leaf miner

  January 1, 1970

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause

• Whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) is encouraged. Such fruit is unsaleable. In serious cases the fruit will rot [...] belong to the order Hemiptera (true bugs ). Together with aphids and scale insects, they belong to the division Sternorrhyncha. The whiteflies form the family [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. This can have the following consequences: If the population

• Swirski-Mite LD

  January 1, 1970

  species and eggs and larvae of whitefly . Crops Do not use in tomato. Mode of action Predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over [...] swirskii is most effective at temperatures between 20 and 32°C (68 and 90°F). It is not effective at temperatures below 18°C/64°F. Amblyseius swirskii is sensitive [...] in the crop, not exposed to direct sunlight Sachets already have an exit hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory

• Onion thrips

  January 1, 1970

  prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks [...] patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. [...] General The onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions,

• Oleander aphid

  January 1, 1970

  Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds ( Asclepias sp.). The oleander aphid is cosmopolitan, and can be found [...] aphids can easily be seen on the shoots of the host plants. The damage caused by the aphid colonies is mainly aesthetic due to the large amounts of sticky honeydew [...] Life cycle and appearance of Oleander aphid The oleander aphid is an obligate parthenogenetic species; thus the adult aphids are all female and males do