Grape downy mildew

Plasmopara viticola is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew in grapes. P. viticola occurs in nearly all grape-growing regions worldwide. Damage symptoms of Grape [...] overwinters as oospores in fallen, infected leaves. In mild climates, it can also survive as mycelium in grape buds and canes. In spring, oospores germinate [...] management is essential in wet climates and during unusually wet seasons in typically dry areas. Most grape cultivars are highly susceptible to downy mildew

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Black sigatoka disease

la fijiensis also known as black sigatoka, is an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis [...] one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and turn brown with light grey centres [...] ultimately dies. In cases of severe infection leaves may die within a few weeks. Because of the lack of leaf tissues, fruit maturity is hampered. Life cycle

Leaf stripe

graminea is monocyclic, which means there is only one disease cycle during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the [...] General Pyrenophora graminea is a disease of Barley that causes significant yield losses. Damage symptoms Symptoms first occur on the first, second and [...] soil temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection

Click beetles

plants. Damage symptoms The click beetles feed on the roots and bore into the base of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe [...] laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae (‘wireworms’) are long, thin [...] fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following spring

Bacterial canker of tomato

General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional [...] shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish from wilting caused [...] infection is mostly from infected propagation material. It spreads to other seedlings by touching the plants in greenhouse crops and by water in field crops

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

sunken and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes [...] ) causes foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods

Green peach aphid

reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein [...] peach tree, is native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution. The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is a particularly [...] As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young

Tea spider mite

General Oligonychus coffeae is most destructive pest in all tea growing areas of India causing considerable yield loss. Damage symptoms Larvae, nymphs and [...] deutonymph and adult with quiescent stages in between two successive active stages. Females lays 40 to 50 eggs in their life cycle. The blood red colour eggs [...] and adults causes damage to the tea plant which sucks the sap of leaves and occasionally on petioles. Red spider mite attacks the upper surface of the mature

Spotted Wing Drosophila

on each wing, where their common name is derived from. Females have a strong saw-like ovipositor that is used to penetrate the skin of the host fruit and [...] the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and [...] losses in many berry crops, cherries and grapes. Damage symptoms After oviposition, the respiration tubes extend from the fruit but are difficult to see.