• Wheat bunt

  types are distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures are formed [...] sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] eventually inside the kernels. When that happens, the fungal mycelium turns into teliospores and the whole kernel becomes a bunt ball full of teliospores. These

• Apple scab

  available. They infect the plant by direct penetration of the cuticula and then grow between the cuticula and the epidermis of the plant cells. This causes [...] which carry conidia, are formed which extend through the cuticula. The asexual conidia are released and repeat the cycle of infection of new plant parts and [...] bud scales. The lesions are olive-green. When spores are produced, the lesions become grey and fluffy. The lesions caused by ascospores are more restricted

• Tea

  type). Tea is a dried leaf of a bush and contains theine. Tea beverage produced in freshly boiled water having leaves and leaf buds of the tea plant. [...] belongs to the genus Camellia and family Camelliaceae. Tea plant is an economically important plantation crop extensively cultivated in the hills of North-eastern [...] from 150 to 300cm throughout the year. Tea plantation is shade loving plant and grows vigorously under the shade trees. The original species, which produces

• Apple collar rot

  damping off, a reduced root system and black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with sharp borders occur. Above the graft and on [...] cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium. Zoospores are formed from the overwintering structures, which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with [...] from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores

• Phytophthora blight

  fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. [...] cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium. Zoospores are formed from the overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with

• Spical Ulti-Mite

  not use in tomato. Mode of action Predatory mites reproduce within the sachet and gradually disperse into the crop over a period of several weeks. Using their [...] after 4-6 weeks if the pest is not controlled. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for [...] in the crop, not exposed to direct sunlight Sachets already have an exit hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  disease, are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt. Also, interveinal chlorosis of leaves and [...] more and more destruction of the root system and subsequent loss of vigour and further wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Brown root rot, corky root [...] survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato

• Cutworms

  observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed because of partial cutting. A larva often [...] occasionally tunnel into the growing stalk, disrupting the sap flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have pale [...] darker. They are laid separately or in batches on the ground, or on the plant close to ground level. The larvae are yellowish when hatching with a dark head

• Grape downy mildew

  development pose the greatest risk to crop performance. Early symptom detection, a clear understanding of the disease cycle, and vigilant monitoring of high-risk [...] 10°C in the presence of soil moisture, leading to the formation of macrosporangia that release motile zoospores within 24 hours. These zoospores are dispersed [...] high-risk weather conditions are key to maintaining a healthy vineyard. Signs and damage symptoms of Grape downy mildew Symptoms of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara

• Gummy stem blight

  be recognized from the outside by the small narrowing of the tip of the mature fruits. The symptoms on stems, leaves and inside the fruits may occur together [...] ascospores are dispersed by air and the conidiospores by water drops, tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal of disease [...] or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected leaves through the petioles. Fruits are infected through the flowers. The newly