Cutworms

phototaxic and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground during the day. Damage from these instars is usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings [...] grown. The caterpillars may be encountered in the soil in a characteristic, circular position. Pupa are brown to dark brown and 17-25 mm long. Females are [...] eggs. There are six to seven larval stages. Pupation takes place in the ground. Depending on the temperature, the development from egg to adult takes about

Pollination checklist tomato

active cooling. Position the hive so that it is easily visible both to the bumblebees and to people Ensure the hive is horizontal Protect the hive against [...] temperature in the hive. If the temperature to which they are exposed is too high for a lengthy period, the hive and the colony may suffer damage. You should [...] The flower needs to have been pollinated before it closes. Depending on the conditions, a flower will remain open for one to three days. To check on pollination

Potato aphid

the dorsal surface. In green individuals, this stripe is dark green, while in pink specimens it is dark red. This longitudinal stripe is specifically cha [...] reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein [...] aphid ( Macrosiphum euphorbiae ) is of North American origin, but is these days distributed throughout the world. It is a highly polyphagous species with

Biological Pest Control

natural enemy to keep pest populations in check. Augmentative biological control Augmentative biological control is a method of pest management that involves [...] This method is often used in agricultural settings to address immediate pest problems. For instance, growers might release predatory mites to control spider [...] referred to as biocontrol, is a method of managing pests using natural predators, parasitoids, or pathogens. This approach partners with nature to maintain

Diamond back moth

suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered to be the [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface [...] stick to leaves and frequently hide in crevices near the bud. In cauliflower and broccoli, pupation may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is pin

Citrus leaf miner

General Citrus leaf miner found in all regions where Citrus sp. is grown. Damage symptoms The minute larvae enter the leaf tissues of tender leaves and [...] emerge after 5 to 7 days. The adults are around 2mm long, silvery white in colour with wings fringed with long hairs. They are active both in day and night [...] night. The entire life cycle takes 3 to 7 weeks to complete.

Rose aphid

Macrosiphum rosae , is a serious and often abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Infestations [...] great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new g [...] presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark

Pink Bollworm

General The pink bollworm is important pest in cotton cultivation. The pink bollworm is native to South Asian countries and has spread to all cotton growing regions [...] will be completed in 25 to 31 days under optimal conditions. In cool dry conditions, larvae may undergo diapause in small cocoon in partially opened bolls [...] world. Damage symptoms Shredding of buds due to infestation of flower buds. Formation of rosette flower owing to flower infestation. Entry hole is plugged

Cottony soft rot

source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring plants is by mycelial growth. How to prevent Cottony soft rot Practice dry cultivation/be [...] m, also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony [...] Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between

Amblyseius swirskii

congregate in the axils of leaf veins to rest. Their colour can vary according to the prey eaten, and varies from almost lucent whitish to opaque white [...] yellow. Due to their size and colour they are difficult to spot in the crop. Best conditions for use of Amblyseius swirskii Amblyseius swirskii is most effective [...] (68 and 90°F). It is not effective at temperatures below 18°C/64°F. Amblyseius swirskii is sensitive to relative humidity below 60%. In tomato, use of Amblyseius