• Woolly apple aphid

  trees sheltering in cracks and under loose bark. The nymphs become active in late March or April (in the northern hemisphere) and around the end of May, large [...] females of the woolly aphid are 1.2-2.6 mm long, purplish brown and covered by masses of white, mealy wax. The siphunculi are pore-like and the cauda is [...] aphids are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not develop. Contrary to the situation in America

• Grape mealy bug

  crawlers are mobile, start sucking the plant sap and form colonies and are orange in colour. Female mealy bugs are abundantly found causing damage to the crop [...] bunches are not suitable for making raisins. Life cycle and appearance Mealy bugs are found in crevices of stem, on leaves and berries. Mealy bugs are pinkish [...] Damage symptoms Adults and nymphs suck the sap from the leaves, shoots, flowers and grape bunches. Malformation of leaves and shoot tips due to infestation

• Codling moth

  with ash-grey and a large, metallic, bronzy black ocellus on the hind part. The hindwings are brown. The eggs are about 1.3 x 1.0 mm, and whitish opalescent [...] year. The fully grown caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks [...] common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen and is usually

• Aphidius colemani

  typical of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right [...] Aphidius colemani The parasitic wasp is available in a bottle ( Aphipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains [...] behaviour, which enables the wasps to track down and parasitize aphids , even when they are at low density. The behaviour of the female during egg-laying

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink [...] structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for [...] doesn’t germinate well and seedlings die, causing irregular crop density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or

• Tea spider mite

  colour eggs are laid all along the veins and mid-rib on upper surface of the leaves. Freshly hatched larva is yellow orange and the larval period is followed [...] sucks the sap of leaves and occasionally on petioles. Red spider mite attacks the upper surface of the mature leaves. Infestation starts all along the veins [...] followed by the first quiescent stage. The protonymph has four pairs of legs. Deutonymphs are like protonymphs but they are larger. Males are short lived

• Rose aphid

  presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is [...] is dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter [...] Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem [...] seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, wa [...] water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents

• Leaf stripe

  first occur on the first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. [...] gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it [...] may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels may be

• Enermix

  inside the greenhouse Bend and tear off the strips opposite to the mounting hole Make sure not to touch the pupae during handling Suspend the cards in the [...] with 5 cards each, wrapped in plastic, in a cardboard box, each card holds 60 parasitized whitefly pupae, 30 E. formosa and 30 E. eremicus . Carrier None [...] 75 cm under the plant head Avoid to hang cards at places exposed to direct sunlight Dosage The dosage of Enermix depends on climate, crop and whitefly density