Apple scab

fallen off the trees. In response to the infection, the plants produce cork as a defence against further growth of the fungus. In cultivars that are more [...] er Spray fallen leaves with urea Ensure that the microbial population as well as macro-organisms like earth worms are not harmed by for example application [...] General Venturia inaequalis is an ascomycete fungus that causes apple scab disease Damage symptoms Venturia inaequalis causes apple scab disease, which

Common beans

referred to as the string bean, field bean, flageolet bean, French bean, garden bean, green bean, haricot bean, pop bean, or snap bean) is a herbaceous [...] with other Phaseolus species. The common bean is a changeable species that has been cultivated already for a very long time. Wild varieties often tend to [...] to grow upwards, however many types are identified as ‘bush beans’ or ‘pole beans’, depending on how they grow. Kidney beans, pinto beans, navy beans and

Black rot of carrots

infection is larger under quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions occurring as rapidly as two to three [...] appearance of Black rot of carrots Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary [...] during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive

Turf and grass

variety of sporting grounds around the world. It is also prized as a ground cover for recreational purposes such as green urban areas and private gardens. [...] such as stadiums, golf courses, horse-racing tracks, athletic grounds, cricket pitches and football fields, turf provides the perfect base for a wide variety

Whitefly

larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted [...] plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage [...] excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding on plant

Pumpkin, squash and gourd

About Cucurbita or gourd is a genus of herbaceous vines belonging to the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae . Cucurbits, as they are also know, are indigenous [...] species are cultivated for their edible fruit and seeds. This fruit is alternately known as pumpkin, squash or gourd. That depends on species, variety and local [...] fleshy, but their size can vary substantially. Wild fruit species can be as small as 4 centimetres (1.6 inch) and some commercial specimens can weigh more

Cotton bollworm

on leaves. They are almost spherical with a flattened base and a diameter of about 0.5 mm. They are at first a shiny yellowish white, with their colour [...] crops such as cotton, sorghum, tomato, sweet corn, beans, soybeans, tobacco, sunflowers and various fruit crops. Among greenhouse crops, tomato is particularly [...] to reddish-brown with dark spots. In later instars the head is mottled, and the body is marked with three prominent longitudinal dark bands with numerous

Potato aphid

euphorbiae ) is of North American origin, but is these days distributed throughout the world. It is a highly polyphagous species with a preference for [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately

Cryptobug-L

3 times at intervals of 1-2 weeks, or until the pest is controlled. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice [...] temperature for use of Cryptobug is 16°C/61°F. However, as Cryptolaemus montrouzieri favors high temperatures, Cryptobug is most effective at temperatures [...] adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction preventively or as soon as the first mealybugs are detected in the crop. Introduction rates typically

Pear

(about 2.5 cm or 1 inch in diameter) and produces a pyriform, fleshy fruit. Pear trees can grow as tall as 9 metres and are able to produce fruit for around [...] About The so-called European pear or common pear ( Pyrus communis ) is a pear species that originates in central and eastern Europe and southwest Asia [...] are grown in Asia, Europe and northern Africa. The European or common pear is a perennial, deciduous tree and cultivated for its fruit. The tree grows small