• Bugs

  insects. Their life cycle consists of an egg, usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and [...] obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic substances that they inject [...] Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation

• Tea mosquito bug

  leaves, tender stems and buds. The toxic saliva of the insect is injected to the plant tissues at the time of feeding causes reddish brown patches. As a result [...] die, curling of leaves, badly deformed and eventually fall off. The infested shoot also shows same such spots and subsequently drying of the shoots. Severely [...] and greenish brown wings. Females is capable of laying about 500 eggs. The eggs are laid in all tender parts of the plant. The freshly hatched nymphs are

• Western flower thrips

  leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are [...] In the adults both pairs of wings are fully developed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking

• Flies

  directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and [...] nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae (sciarid flies) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting [...] to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted

• Rose aphid

  abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and [...] develop. Life cycle and appearance of Rose aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult

• Green peach aphid

  malformations of the growing tips. Life cycle and appearance of green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit

• Potato aphid

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] specifically characteristic of the potato aphid and is particularly visible in the nymphs. Immatures have a light dusting of whitish-grey wax. The aphids

• Grape mealy bug

  and grape bunches. Malformation of leaves and shoot tips due to infestation of growing points. Honey dew secretion of mealy bugs support sooty mould growth [...] growth on infected area. Young vines often die due to severe infestation of mealy bugs. Feeding damage in grapes is minimal but the marketability is greatly [...] making raisins. Life cycle and appearance Mealy bugs are found in crevices of stem, on leaves and berries. Mealy bugs are pinkish and covered with white

• Cotton aphid

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to

• Cotton bollworm

  armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) are [...] mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings [...] flowers are attacked, and seed pods may be pierced. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton bollworm Eggs are deposited individually on young shoots near buds