Blight of pepper

and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs [...] Plants wilt and the crown leaves drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Blight of pepper Phytophthora species are very destructive organisms belonging [...] rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. How to prevent Blight of pepper Apply hygiene measures

Root rot of carrot

exhibit by necrotic leaf spots Life cycle and appearance of Root rot of carrots The fungus of R. carotae has delicate, simple morphological features hence [...] only host plant of the fungus. How to prevent root rot of carrot Studies have shown that 3several key factors influencing the occurrence of blemishes and [...] black spots over the entire surface of the carrot. These spots gradually change into larger dark brown to black lesions of various shapes. The lesions can

Bacterial canker of tomato

only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent expansion of the wilt upwards. Cutting the [...] on is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection [...] rotation in field crops of at least two years and alternate with a non-host crop Apply deep-ploughing to stimulate the decay of crop residues Prevent plant

Black leg of seedlings

infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings Pythium belongs to [...] and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection [...] conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate

Black rot of carrots

appearance of Black rot of carrots Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary [...] crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, in the case of black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) up to 8 [...] primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding [...] extruding from the stomata. Life cycle and appearance of Downy mildew Pathogens causing downy mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium [...] protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How to prevent Downey

Loose smut of wheat

appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat [...] or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms Infection by Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici remains invisible until head emergence. The first sign of infection is [...] the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards

Loose smut of barley

emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. [...] cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next [...] affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Damage symptoms Infection by Ustilago

Pierce's disease of grapevine

in olive. Damage symptoms Grapevines: Primary infection of leaves results in leaf scorch. Part of a green leaf suddenly dies and turns brown with adjacent [...] occur on the underside of the leaves. These lesions start out in a light-brown colour, turning to dark-brown or necrosis. Fruits of infected trees are much [...] foliage becomes thinner, but the trees don’t die of the disease. Olives: Scorch symptoms and desiccation of twigs and small branches occur on infected leaves

Black root rot of cucurbits

Black root rot of cucurbits Test for the presence of Phomopsis sclerotioides with molecular tools before planting Use resistant rootstock of Cucurbita ficifolia [...] lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the [...] disease is usually restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only vascular tissue remains