Mango

Mangifera indica , found its way to the rest of the world and it has become one of the largest cultivated products in the tropics. Mango trees grow up to 35-40 [...] belong to the flowering plant genus Mangifera and the cashew family Anacardiaceae . Mangoes are indigenous to South Asia and from this area the ‘common mango’ [...] 35-40 meters (115-131 feet) tall and its crown can expand to 10 metres (33 feet) wide. The trees can grow really old and from some species of trees, mangoes

Citrus leaf miner

Life cycle and appearance The moth lays the eggs singly up to 50 on lower surface of the leaves near the mid-rib. The caterpillar enters the leaf tissue [...] found in all regions where Citrus sp. is grown. Damage symptoms The minute larvae enter the leaf tissues of tender leaves and feeding on them produces snake-like [...] tissue after hatching from the egg and starts mining between the two layers. The larvae excrete their faeces into the mine forming a visible trail. Pupation

Black sigatoka disease

enlarge further and the tissue around the lesions turns yellow and dies. Lesions merge and the whole leaf turns brown and ultimately dies. In cases of severe [...] of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and turn brown with light grey [...] fijiensis ) produces both ascospores and conidia. The ascospores are wind-dispersed over longer distances, the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop.

Amblyseius swirskii

often in the axil of veins. They are oval, white and are approximately 0.14 mm in diameter. The larvae have six legs, are the same colour as the eggs, [...] it is hindered by the glandular hairs on the stems and leaves and does not build up a population. Amblyseius swirskii in bottles The predatory mite Amblyseius [...] swirskii is available in a bottle ( Swirski-Mite ). Turn and shake the bottle gently before use Push the centre of the cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle

Plant Disease Management

preventing the disease from spreading further. Crop rotation Crop rotation is a fundamental strategy, which means avoiding planting the same crop in the same [...] disease cycles and reduces the buildup of pathogens in the soil. Disease-resistant varieties Another vital aspect of prevention is the use of disease-resistant [...] control plant pathogens, which are microorganisms that cause diseases in plants. The primary goal of biological control is to reduce the damage caused by these

Biological seed treatment

beneficial effects on the growth, resilience of the plant, abiotic stress, the development of the root system, and the productivity of the crop. An overview [...] increases the availability of plant nutrients in the root system and increases nutrient uptake; The enhanced root and shoot growth means that the early growth [...] plant pathogens and minimize biotic stress; The plant growth promoting microorganisms colonize the roots and protect the crop during the entire growing

Wheat

specifically the Levant region that lies east of the Mediterranean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers [...] flowers from about the end of May to the beginning of June. This flowering period is rather long (usually lasting longer than a week), because not all flowers [...] About Wheat ( Triticum spp., most commonly T. aestivum ) is a cereal grain, but botanically a particular type of fruit referred to as caryopsis. Wheat

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant [...] overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative growth occurs. Life cycle and appearance of Crazy roots [...] Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to prevent biofilm growth inside the irrigation

Pomegranate bacterial blight

ed spots which turns to dark black colour oily appearance on leaves results in premature defoliation. The pathogen also infects branches and stem as water [...] soaked necrotic spots causing girdling and cracking symptoms. Necrotic water-soaked spots appearance on the fruits which turn to dark brown colour slightly [...] Disease cycle Infected cuttings are the main source of inoculum and wind splashed rains plays important role is spread of the disease. Intermittent rainfall

Orius laevigatus

leaves and/or in application boxes (Dibox) Apply in groups of at least 50 insects in order to establish a population and encourage mating Make sure the material [...] cannibalistic. In pollen producing plants, younger Orius nymphs are mainly found on the leaves, whereas older nymphs and adults are mainly found in flowers. [...] agricultural and horticultural systems. Both adults and nymphs of Orius laevigatus are voracious predators, adept at piercing and feeding on the soft bodies