Click beetles

long, thin, cylindrical and though skinned. They are up to 25 mm long and usually shiny yellowish brown or light brown with a darker head. Larval development [...] the roots and bore into the base of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe in young plants. Life cycle and appearance [...] are 6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start

Loose smut of wheat

within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen as a dormant [...] sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Life cycle and appearance of [...] but viability and germination rate should be checked and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use

Tomato

is native to Central and South America and the tropical highlands. Tomato plants usually grow to a height of between 1-3 metres (or 3-10 feet). Their stem [...] not supported (like in a greenhouse) the stem often extends over the ground. Indeterminate tomato types are so-called ‘tender’ or ‘half-hardy’ perennials [...] years. A great number of tomato varieties is now cultivated in temperate climates around the world. Greenhouses make year round production and cultivation

Spinach

vegetable and is rich in iron. It is grown as a vegetable worldwide and growths to a height of about 30 cm. It is eaten fresh, steamed or boiled and has a high

Gerbera

family of daisies or Asteraceae . The flowering plant is originally from South Africa and grew among others in the Cape Province and Transvaal region. [...] Nowadays, the gerbera is still popular and extensively used as a decorative garden plant or sold as cut flower. Domesticated cultivars are usually the [...] Gerbera hybrida and there are now many cultivars that differ greatly in size, shape and colour. The main colours are white, yellow, orange, red and pink, but

Onion

The onion plant is usually a biennial or perennial plant. When cultivated however, the plant is mostly handled as an annual and harvested at the end of its [...] The onion ( Allium cepa L.) , also referred to as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable. This particular species is the most extensively produced [...] its first production season. Onions are popular and therefore cultivated and used for cooking all around the world. Their flesh is pungent when chopped

Potato aphid

production. Life cycle and appearance of Potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in [...] potato aphid is a large, slender aphid with long, green cornicles, long legs, and a long cauda. Adults are usually green, but may also be pink or red (especially [...] Various vegetable and ornamental crops grown in greenhouses are colonized, including tomato, aubergine and roses. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults extract

Eggplant

Eggplant or aubergine ( Solanum melongena ) is a specific species of nightshade and is widely produced for its tasty fruit. In North America and Australia [...] is called eggplant and in South Africa and Southeast Asia it is known as brinjal. The eggplant is a member of the genus Solanum and is thus related to [...] to the tomato and potato. Botanically speaking however, the eggplant is classified as a berry. The fruit contains many small and soft seeds. These seeds

Tomato leaf miner

causing fungi or bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has [...] following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult fly. Adult leaf miners are small yellow and black coloured flies , at most only several [...] females feed or lay eggs, they bore a hole using their toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem seems wet and slimy. Above [...] Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to [...] adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents become liquid. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial