• Gummy stem blight

  brown lesions on the foot and higher up on the stem. On the lesions, golden-brown gummy drops occur, hence the name gummy stem blight. On the lesions, black [...] is present on the plant, at high relative humidity (RH) and on wounds. Leaves can be infected directly, through wounds, hydathodes (the end of leaf veins) [...] tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia for spread of the disease downwards

• Charcoal rot

  wide range of host crops, many of which are economically important food crops. Damage symptoms In strawberry, this pathogen causes wilting of foliage, stunting [...] tissues of the main roots. In most crops, necrotic lesions on the roots are the first symptoms, followed by wilting, dropping of leaves and collapse of the [...] cycle and appearance of Charcoal rot The fungus survives in the soil and on crop residues as microsclerotia. In corn stalks, survival of up to 1.5 years has

• Cutworms

  quickly moves on to other plants and continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations of cutworms can destroy entire stands of crops, such as [...] usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed because of partial cutting. A larva [...] occurring worldwide. Important species are for instance the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The larvae of these moths usually

• Cotton aphid

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] even a green-black colour . This body colour depends on temperature, food source and the density of the population. Large individuals (up to 1.8 mm long)

• Southern blight

  affected plants present girdling of the stem, which causes wilting of the upper part, necrosis, loss of leaves, and death of the plant. Symptoms begin with [...] conditions for the development of the pathogen are temperatures between 25 and 30 ºC, relative humidity of over 90%, and a soil pH of under 7. The ideal pH range [...] aqueous lesions on the stem. As the damage progresses, it causes darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the

• Consumers

  other animals take care of the pollination and therefore the formation of fruit. Honeybees are traditional important pollinators of arable and horticultural [...] is a close relative of the honeybee. In 1987, it was established that bumblebees could prove extremely useful in greenhouses for the purpose of pollination [...] the absorption of nutrients. Their development calls for high-quality and costly scientific research. Assignments/school Are you working on an assignment

• Koppert is investing in smarter scouting

  May 29, 2019

  Koppert Biological Systems is working on a groundbreaking innovation that will change the world of scouting. The scout-app will automatically analyse Horiver [...] will be available after summer. Although the processes of manually scouting crops is very important, it is time-consuming and error-sensitive. That is why [...] This dashboard is based on a map that growers can customize to suit their needs, giving them immediate insight into the level of infestation in their g

• Phytoseiulus persimilis

  predatory mite cannot feed on other prey. Feeding behaviour of Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis feeds on all stages of spider mites , but has [...] depends on the predator and prey populations, the sex and age of the predator, and the temperature and relative humidity. In general, the consumption of prey [...] only feed on smaller prey stages. The larvae do not eat. They develop quickly to protonymph and then start to feed on spider mites. The quantity of prey consumed

• Beneficial nematodes

  labels for detailed information) In case of foliar application, the air relative humidity is another important factor to consider to maximize success (>75%) [...] Some of the well-known beneficial nematode species include: Steinernema feltiae : These cold tolerant nematodes are effective against a wide range of so [...] be applied by foliar or soil application, depending on the target pest. Here's a general guideline on how to apply nematodes (always check the label for

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