Bacterial canker of tomato

clean propagation material: Use only tested and disinfected seed Use only tested and certified seed potatoes Apply strict hygiene measures in greenhouse crops: [...] crops can be planted for five years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter [...] rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection is mostly from infected propagation

Eggplant

eggplant is classified as a berry. The fruit contains many small and soft seeds. These seeds taste rather bitter, because they contain nicotinoid alkaloids, just

Fusarium wilt

mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection [...] crop residues Choose resistant cultivars Use clean propagation materials (seed can be treated effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse

Strawberry

ovaries. The so-called ‘seeds’ (achenes) that are visible on the strawberry’s skin, are in reality the ovaries of the flower with a seed inside.

Rice

About Rice is actually the seed of two particular species of grass: Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). Rice is a serial grain [...] perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for as long as 30 years. The edible seeds of the plant (caryopsis) are usually between 5-12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long

Dwarf bunt

Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The [...] teliospores may survive in soil without suitable host for as long as ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological [...] fungi may form new isolates that can break resistance Use clean, disinfected seed The use of soil fungicides can help reduce the soil-borne inoculum Sowing

Soybean

centimetres long (1-3 inch) and contains two or four seeds that measure 5-11 mm in diameter. Soybean seeds vary greatly in size and the hull can be black or

Pink Bollworm

the boll. Reduction of lint development, discolouration, and destruction of seed. Premature drop off infested bud and immature bolls. Premature opened bolls [...] larvae may undergo diapause in small cocoon in partially opened bolls, stored seed or in the soil. Diapausing larvae emerge when conditions are favourable but

Bacterial spot

tomato plants in the field and on diseased plant debris. The bacteria are also seed-transmitted. Disease development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and [...] to prevent Bacterial spot Use clean propagation material and disease-free seed Remove sources of inoculum such as dead leaves In field-grown tomato and

Early blight

Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown. Sporulation of Alternaria occurs at temperatures [...] Early blight Remove crop residues, weeds and volunteer plants. Use clean seed and propagation materials. Practice crop rotation, in particular when spores