stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Black rot of carrots Remove crop residues, weeds and volunteer
above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal
greenhouse crops and by water in field crops, for example through splashes of rain or irrigation. Both in greenhouses and in the field, spraying may also spread
unlike most other grapevine pathogens, it does not require free water (such as rain or dew) to infect, making it a persistent threat throughout the entire growing
release motile zoospores within 24 hours. These zoospores are dispersed via rain splash to the canopy, where they encyst and penetrate the host through stomata
compliance with their obligations on the part of suppliers, flooding, hail, rain, fog, frost, black ice, production failure. Article 8. Complaints 8.1