• Fusarium wilt

  xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many years [...] General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] ascospores. The Fusarium oxysporum life cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional [...] Solaneceaous crops can be planted for five years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms [...] tubers. This discolouration is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne

• Black leg of seedlings

  separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real fungus. It survives as oospores, resting spores which are resistant to unfavourable conditions [...] the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form so-called sporangia from which subsequently [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress

• Root rot of carrot

  petiole lesions. Continuous light is best for in vitro sporulation. Spore germination in vitro requires free water. The pH for growth, sporulation, and spore [...] in nonsterile soil remained viable at 0°C and 3°C for 12 months, at 6°C for 6 months, and at 12°C for 2 months, indicating a capacity to overwinter in cold [...] they merge, after which whole sections of the leaf will die off. The fungus appears to prefer older tissue. In the field, the disease is difficult to distinguish

• Damping-off

  separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real fungus. It survives as oospores, resting spores which are resistant to unfavourable conditions [...] the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form so-called sporangia from which subsequently [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress

• Faba bean

  applied to large-seeded varieties which are cultivated for consumption. The Vicia faba grows some 0.5–1.8 m tall and is a firm plant with sturdy stems of [...] different names for the Vicia faba , a flowering plant and species belonging to the vetch and pea family Fabaceae . The name ‘broad bean’ is commonly used [...] skin. Nowadays, modern varieties specifically cultivated for food production have pods which are 15-25 cm long and 2-3 cm thick. Each bean pod contains

• Herbs

  all plants which are used as food ingredient, natural medicine or fragrances. They often have savory or aromatic characteristics and are used for flavouring [...] culinary world, there is a strict difference between herbs and spices. Herbs are the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant, which can be used fresh or [...] dried seeds, berries, roots, bark and fruits. Botanically speaking, ‘herb’ is synonymously to ‘herbaceous plant.’

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these conidia. There is no known sexual [...] dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and pre-emergence [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  forms sclerotia which can survive adverse conditions for years in the soil, but little else is known about the life cycle. The fungus is dispersed by water [...] cucurbits Phomopsis sclerotioides survives in the soil and is a strong saprophytic competitor, which means it can rapidly colonize ‘clean’ or sterilized soil [...] General Phomopsis sclerotioides is a plant pathogen infecting cucurbits, causing black root rot of cucurbits. Damage symptoms Phomopsis sclerotioides causes

• Wheat bunt

  on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture [...] teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. Infection is strongly correlated to temperature and [...] period. Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point is best for infection. How to prevent Wheat bunt Use resistant cultivars. However