Grape downy mildew
appear 7–10 days post-infection (depending on temperature and humidity), the disease is often well-established before it can be visually detected in the field [...] germination is triggered when temperatures reach 10°C in the presence of soil moisture, leading to the formation of macrosporangia that release motile zoospores [...] are dispersed via rain splash to the canopy, where they encyst and penetrate the host through stomata. Once inside the host tissue, hyphae extend inter