• Grape downy mildew

  as a lysate, these compounds support plant protection by acting both on the plant surface and by activating the plant’s natural defense mechanisms. This [...] Grape downy mildew or grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola , is one of the most important diseases in wine and table grape production [...] ‘oil spots’ on the upper surface of young, actively growing leaves, followed by downy white growth on the underside, are typical early symptoms. Because visible

• Black leg of seedlings

  that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature [...] conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and [...] or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate

• Damping-off

  that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature [...] conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and [...] or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate

• Angular leaf spot

  on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when [...] on the leaves and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants [...] both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination with

• Southern blight

  General Grey rot or southern blight is a disease caused by the fungus Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii . It is an important plant pathogen that inhabits the [...] subtropical areas, where conditions of high humidity and high temperature followed by periods of drought predominate. It was first observed in tomato crops in Florida [...] root and stem in tomato plants. Significant losses occur in soils infested by the pathogen, which have a light texture and humidity close to field capacity

• Apple scab

  the most economically important fungal diseases of apple worldwide. Caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis , the disease infects leaves, blossoms, young [...] economic losses can exceed 70% of production value. Infections are favored by cool, wet conditions during spring and early summer, when spores dispersal [...] weather, mature ascospores are released from the pseudothecia and carried by wind to newly emerging leaves, blossoms, and developing fruit. Infection occurs

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected foot, conidia are [...] infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink spores [...] wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

• Black rot of carrots

  petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms [...] Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Black [...] conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid high RH. Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

• Melon thrips

  plants. Life cycle and appearance The reproduction in Thrips palmi takes place by sexual as well as partheno-generic. Virgin females lays 1 to 8 eggs per day [...] female lays 3 to 204 eggs. Eggs are deposited in leaf tissue in a slit cut by female. Eggs are colourless to pale white in colour. The nymphs resemble the

• Fall Armyworm

  possible for fall armyworms to spread over large areas rapidly. Adults fly by night, and are attracted to lights, especially those with a strong ultra-violet