Fusarium wilt

crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools

Onion thrips

disturbed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding

Western flower thrips

developed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding

Mealybugs and scales

scales, produce no honeydew. They feed by sucking the contents of epidermal cells, into which they inject toxic substances that cause yellow, red or brown

Leaf stripe

Soil temperatures below 12 °C are most conducive for this disease and infection does not occur at soil temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe [...] at any stage up until soft dough stage. Infection occurs between 10 and 33 °C. Infected seeds can look healthy and do not necessarily show symptoms of infection [...] Delay sowing in spring barley until soil temperature is higher than 12-15 o C Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

Fusarium spp.

crop residues of infected plants, as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools

Tea

original species, which produces tea, were C. assamica (Assam jats), C. sinensis (China jats) and their natural hybrid, C. assamica subspecies lasiocalyx (Indo [...] well in hot and humid climate. The ideal temperature for growth is 20-30 0 C. It requires well distributed rainfall from 150 to 300cm throughout the year

Early blight

Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% [...] damage during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions

Black rot of carrots

Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% [...] damage during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions

Verticillium wilt

Verticillium albo-atrum is 21 °C and growth stops above 30 °C, whereas Verticillium dahliae has an optimum temperature around 25-27 °C. How to prevent Verticillium [...] with clean soil or substrate by heating it at a temperature if at least 65 o C for a minimum of 30 minutes Use clean seed, tubers or cuttings Grow less s