• Blight of pepper

  overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root [...] content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual [...] root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The

• Apple collar rot

  overwintering structures, which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root [...] content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual [...] root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The

• Wheat bunt

  are hard to distinguish from infected plants before head emergence, although affected plants may be slightly stunted. Infected (bunted) heads are slender [...] These can germinate directly or form secondary sporidia. These sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the [...] kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. Infection is strongly correlated to temperature and precipitation in the first 11

• Phytophthora blight

  overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root [...] content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual [...] root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The

• Pomegranate bacterial blight

  raised with oily appearance. Splitting of fruits under severe infection. Disease cycle Infected cuttings are the main source of inoculum and wind splashed [...] appearance on leaves results in premature defoliation. The pathogen also infects branches and stem as water soaked necrotic spots causing girdling and cracking

• Fusarium wilt

  Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants [...] greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds [...] Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only vascular tissue remains because the cortex (outer layer) has rotten away. Infection in the early [...] with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage [...] General Phomopsis sclerotioides is a plant pathogen infecting cucurbits, causing black root rot of cucurbits. Damage symptoms Phomopsis sclerotioides causes

• Dwarf bunt

  Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis Life cycle and appearance of [...] or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without suitable host for [...] These can germinate directly or form secondary sporidia. These sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the

• Bacterial spot

  light brown centre. As with powdery mildew infection, pepper plants shed the leaves that are severely infected. Humid conditions are conducive for lesion [...] 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata and wounds. The dispersal is in windblown water drops [...] dead leaves In field-grown tomato and pepper rotate fields to prevent infection from volunteer plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity

• Gummy stem blight

  can be infected directly, through wounds, hydathodes (the end of leaf veins) or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected leaves [...] leaves through the petioles. Fruits are infected through the flowers. The newly produced ascospores are dispersed by air and the conidiospores by water drops