• Plant Disease Management

  January 1, 1970

  preventing the disease from spreading further. Crop rotation Crop rotation is a fundamental strategy, which means avoiding planting the same crop in the same [...] disease cycles and reduces the buildup of pathogens in the soil. Disease-resistant varieties Another vital aspect of prevention is the use of disease-resistant [...] What is biological disease control? Biological control of plant diseases is a method used to manage and reduce the impact of plant diseases by utilizing

• Cottony cushion scale

  January 1, 1970

  leaving the egg sac, the crawlers settle along the midribs and veins of the leaves. The next two instars migrate to the larger twigs and branches and eventually [...] depletion; the shoots dry up and die, and defoliation occurs. In addition, the copious quantities of honeydew produced by the scales coat the leaves, blocking [...] blocking the stomata and impeding gas exchange. Sooty moulds grow on the honeydew, blocking the light from the leaves and reducing photosynthesis. Also

• Pollination checklist outdoor

  January 1, 1970

  it in the shadow of the crop. Ensure that the underside of the hive is kept dry. Keep the hive entrance visible for humans and bumblebees during the flowering [...] to allow the bumblebees to gather food. Position the hives evenly throughout the plot for maximum results. The recommended number of hives is dependent [...] dependent on the crop and the presence of other pollinating insects. Bumblebees and honeybees are able to complement each other's pollination work and can therefore

• Tea mosquito bug

  January 1, 1970

  Helopeltis is a sucking pest. Nymphs and adults are damaging stages which suck the sap from young leaves, tender stems and buds. The toxic saliva of the insect [...] badly deformed and eventually fall off. The infested shoot also shows same such spots and subsequently drying of the shoots. Severely affected bushes [...] Life cycle and appearance Adult is slender 6 - 8mm long, black colour with red thorax, black and white abdomen and greenish brown wings. Females is capable

• Black sigatoka disease

  January 1, 1970

  spots enlarge further and the tissue around the lesions turns yellow and dies. Lesions merge and the whole leaf turns brown and ultimately dies. In cases [...] of spores cause the exact same symptoms. They enter the leaf through the stomata. After infection, hyphae emerge from the stomata and either develop into [...] of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and turn brown with light grey

• Charcoal rot

  January 1, 1970

  reported. The density of the microsclerotia in the soil is directly related to disease incidence. Within 24 hours the fungus infects the roots of the host by [...] germ tubes. During the next two days, necrotic spots occur on the roots and the fungus spreads into the cortex and vascular tissue. In the infected host tissues [...] stunting of plants and drying and death of older leaves. The youngest central leaves usually remain unaffected and stay green. The first symptoms are mostly

• Aphids

  January 1, 1970

  fruit and ornamental crops and rendering them unmarketable. At the same time, photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. The aphid’s [...] consequence, the excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds (such as Cladosporium spp. and Capnodium [...] winged and wingless forms of adults of the same species developing, depending on the conditions. Wingless adult aphids are known as apterous, and winged

• Precautionary measures for product allergies

  January 1, 1970

  Moistening the clothes in the bag prevents allergens and other particles from dispersing in the air when you open the bag. Possible allergic reactions and treatment [...] to cats, pollen, and dust mites, it is also possible to be allergic to the natural substances in predatory mites , feeder mites, and supplementary feeding [...] an application device, avoid direct contact and make sure that there is no one in the direct airflow of the blower. Hygiene Once you have finished your

• Broccoli

  January 1, 1970

  head that is usually green. The head looks a bit like a tree and branches out from a single thick, edible stalk. Broccoli (both the head and the stalk) can [...] About Broccoli is a tasty, green plant. When it comes to botanical classification, the broccoli plant is categorized as part of the Italica cultivar group [...] belongs to the species Brassica oleracea. Broccoli looks a lot like cauliflower, which belongs to a different cultivar group of the same species. The plant

• Tobacco aphid

  January 1, 1970

  brown-black head and thorax and a reddish abdomen. There is a dark brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body. The antennae are [...] chrysanthemum, and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth [...] contaminating fruit and ornamental crops and rendering them unsuitable for market. At the same time, photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting