• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  e disease causes more and more destruction of the root system and subsequent loss of vigour and further wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Brown root [...] soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato and other [...] lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen, infecting tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this

• Leaf stripe

  may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels may be [...] occur on the first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually [...] gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it

• Black leg of seedlings

  flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown [...] finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a [...] immediately after planting. Avoid cold and excessive warm irrigation water. Keep the water content of the substrate below 70% and ensure good drainage Disinfect

• Angular leaf spot

  happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination [...] merge as they grow and later also become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic [...] fragariae infection. Life cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary

• Verticillium wilt

  erticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahlia e are the most important plant pathogens. Verticillium dahlia causes verticillium wilt and early dying of potato [...] microsclerotia, small hard survival structures that can withstand high and low temperatures and dehydration. Verticillium dahliae also survives as hyphae (mycelium) [...] Verticillium can also be seed-borne and tuber-borne. The optimum temperature for Verticillium albo-atrum is 21 °C and growth stops above 30 °C, whereas

• Bacterial spot

  are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial (underside of) leaf surfaces and may enlarge into [...] which become rough and light brown. On fruits the spots are first small, circular and green but they turn brown, become raised and look like cracked scab [...] temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata and wounds. The dispersal

• Black rot of carrots

  Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival [...] within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain [...] Typically, Alternaria causes spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  stomata. Life cycle and appearance of Downy mildew Pathogens causing downy mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium and Phytophthora. They [...] during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in greenhouses. Use hygiene measures. Start clean, remove crop residues and prevent splashing [...] pumpkin, watermelon and squash. Damage symptoms Downy mildew pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions

• Gummy stem blight

  feasible in high-wire crops) Pick and remove dead and diseased leaves Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] mature fruits. The symptoms on stems, leaves and inside the fruits may occur together or individually. Life cycle and appearance of Gummy stem blight Mycosphaerella [...] Mycosphaerella cucumis survives in crop debris and produces the sexual ascospores and asexual conida simultaneously. The spores germinate when free water is

• Cottony soft rot

  wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium [...] in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. G [...] easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also on leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection often leads