Loose smut of wheat

It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. They

Root and crown rot of strawberry

sis clavispora is mostly found in plants that have been weakened by some form of stress, from underfertilization to water stress (either too much or too

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

survive as oospores. From these oospores or surviving mycelium sporangia are formed, structures in which zoospores are produced. However, in downy mildews,

Mealybugs and scales

, soft scales (family Coccidae) and armoured scales (family Diaspididae) form three important families within the superfamily Coccoidea. This superfamily [...] must ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Characteristically, dark sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) are

Bugs

Hemiptera Bugs What are bugs? Heteropteran bugs form a group in the order Hemiptera , a highly diverse group of insects, containing both harmful and beneficial

Melon thrips

to pale white in colour. The nymphs resemble the adults in general body form but it lacks wings and are smaller. Nymph development time is dependent on

Grape mealy bug

nymphs also called as crawlers are mobile, start sucking the plant sap and form colonies and are orange in colour. Female mealy bugs are abundantly found

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Leaf stripe

second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually extend and become

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

the stomata or directly through the cuticle. On the lesions, pycnidia are formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary