Angular leaf spot

t. When conditions are humid, a viscous bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions [...] types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection. Life cycle and appearance of [...] fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions on the underside

Early blight

solani causes small green to dark brown spots to occur on leaves. Those spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions with a yellow halo restricted by [...] Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid [...] overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several Alternaria

Gummy stem blight

and higher up on the stem. On the lesions, golden-brown gummy drops occur, hence the name gummy stem blight. On the lesions, black specks, the new fruiting [...] the disease downwards. How to prevent Gummy stem blight Before cropping: Remove all crop debris and disinfect the greenhouse Choose a cultivar that is less [...] bryoniae) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in cucumber causes brown lesions on the foot and

Fusarium wilt

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] many different formae speciales which are each selectively pathogenic on a limited number of crops. Even within one crop, different formae speciales may [...] oxysporum life cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant. How to prevent Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall Use clean propagation material Use a strict hygiene protocol [...] galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the [...] disease seems to be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid

Loose smut of wheat

and swollen as a dormant survival structure. Infection mostly occurs before pollination and within one to two days after pollination. How to prevent Loose [...] first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and [...] The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. They germinate within a day and infect the inner tissues

Loose smut of barley

and swollen as a dormant survival structure. Infection mostly occurs before pollination and within one to two days after pollination. How to prevent Loose [...] first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and [...] The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. They germinate within a day and infect the inner tissues

Black rot of carrots

Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid [...] up to 8 years. Damage symptoms Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) causes death of seedlings and dark brown lesions with a yellow halo on leaves [...] Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From

Charcoal rot

conditions. In field crops in temperate regions it is therefore not a problem. How to prevent Charcoal rot Plant in fields with no history of the disease [...] General Macrophomina phaseolina is a common soil fungus in warmer regions, causing charcoal rot. It has a very wide range of host crops, many of which [...] discolouration of vascular and cortex tissue (outer tissue layer) to orange-brown to dark brown. Cutting the roots may show the same discolouration of

Brown root rot, corky root rot

cultivation practices. However, this fungus is a poor competitor against a balanced microbial population in soil. How to prevent Brown root rot, corky root rot [...] lesions. On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots [...] General Pyrenochaeta lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen, infecting tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms