Orius laevigatus

least 50 insects in order to establish a population and encourage mating Make sure the material remains undisturbed at the introduction site for a few [...] laevigatus Orius laevigatus is a predator feeding on thrips . The prey is pierced with the mouthparts and the body contents are consumed. All stages of thrips are [...] during their development (four per day on average). Adult females can kill up to 20 nymphs or six to seven adults per day. They are also cannibalistic.

Crane flies

rodents feeding on larvae and digging up turf. Life cycle and appearance of Crane flies Adult crane flies are large flies with females reaching 45-50 mm across [...] across. They have long, spindly legs and one pair of narrow, clear wings with clearly visible veins. Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited [...] They become active again and feed voraciously when the soil begins to warm up in spring. The larvae pupate below the soil surface in summer. The pupal stage

Knowing & recognizing

empowers you with knowledge about the pest’s lifecycle and its many phases, as well as giving you the ability to recognize the pest or disease you are up against [...] against by means of detailed illustrations and close-up photographs. The knowledge gained will equip you to find the best sustainable solutions. First published [...] pests, diseases and their natural enemies. This book provides the reader with the necessary information to understand the interaction between pests, diseases

Early blight

and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early [...] to occur on leaves. Those spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions with a yellow halo restricted by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other [...] to the crown. Sporulation of Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative

Diglyphus isaea

Leaf miner control with the parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae within the order [...] miner control. Its ability to effectively target and suppress these pests makes it an invaluable tool in sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management [...] leafminers during its development. The wasp’s feeding rate and efficacy can vary with the density of leafminer infestations, allowing it to adapt to changing pest

Black rot of carrots

radicina ) up to 8 years. Damage symptoms Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) causes death of seedlings and dark brown lesions with a yellow halo [...] post-harvest storage. Sporulation of Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative [...] quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions occurring as rapidly as two to three days later and sporulation within

Click beetles

General Click beetles are elongate beetles with a hard exoskeleton, with the head deeply retracted into the thorax. When disturbed they lie on their back [...] cylindrical and though skinned. They are up to 25 mm long and usually shiny yellowish brown or light brown with a darker head. Larval development takes [...] back feigning death and then suddenly propel themselves into the air with a audible click. Hence their name. Their larvae are called wireworms and feed

Citrus leaf miner

7 days. The adults are around 2mm long, silvery white in colour with wings fringed with long hairs. They are active both in day and night. The entire life [...] of younger trees. Life cycle and appearance The moth lays the eggs singly up to 50 on lower surface of the leaves near the mid-rib. The caterpillar enters

Rose aphid

symptoms Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless

Pomegranate

deciduous shrub that belongs to the family of Lythraceae . The plant can grow up to between 5 and 8 metres (16 and 26 feet) tall. The pomegranate was originally [...] for their flowers. The pomegranate’s edible fruit is actually a berry and with regards to size sits between a lemon and grapefruit, 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in)