• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit [...] has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying vegetation to the growing crop that way. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora [...] healthy green leaves, but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem through the xylem vessels. High humidity is

• Black sigatoka disease

  three days under optimal conditions (humidity close to saturation and temperature above 20 °C). How to prevent Black sigatoka disease Use resistant cultivars [...] them, so the spores cannot be discharged from the lower leaves in the stack Use under-canopy (drip) irrigation to reduce splash dispersal Lower the humidity [...] spots or streaks on leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and

• Leaf stripe

  Infected plants may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and [...] fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when humidity is high and wind-dispersed to neighbouring ears [...] soil temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection

• Bacterial spot

  pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial (underside of) [...] and handling and aerosols. Many isolates are resistant to copper-containing pesticides. How to prevent Bacterial spot Use clean propagation material and [...] as dead leaves In field-grown tomato and pepper rotate fields to prevent infection from volunteer plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity

• Cut flowers

  originates from Central and South America. It is a bulb plant from the large family of the Amaryllidaceae, the narcissus family. The Hippeastrum comes from America [...] America, from northern Argentina to Mexico and the Caribbean. Is grown from a bulb as a cut flower or sold as a pot plant. Freesia : The freesia is a herbaceous [...] substrate differ greatly. Important types are: Rose: The rose belongs to the genus Rosa from the Rosaceae family. The flowers of the plant are also called rose

• Guava

  smallish tree. The pulp varies from off-white to bright pink, and is between 4 to 12 cm in length. The taste ranges from tart to very sweet. [...] About Originally from Mexico, Central and South America, this common tropical fruit is cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. A vivid yellow

• Powdery mildew

  and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses, it is advised to first ventilate by only opening [...] structures are produced, the haustoria, from which the fungus penetrates the plant cell and takes up nutrients from the epidermal layer of plant cells. Most [...] appear on the upper side of the leaves. Many sweet pepper cultivars react to powdery mildew infection by dropping leaves that are not infected yet. It

• Mango

  Mangoes are indigenous to South Asia and from this area the ‘common mango’ or ‘Indian mango’, Mangifera indica , found its way to the rest of the world [...] trees grow up to 35-40 meters (115-131 feet) tall and its crown can expand to 10 metres (33 feet) wide. The trees can grow really old and from some species [...] About Mango is a stone fruit (drupe) that grows from various species of tropical trees that belong to the flowering plant genus Mangifera and the cashew

• Black rot of carrots

  infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially [...] post-harvest storage. Sporulation of Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative [...] A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid high RH. Prevent plant diseases

• Angular leaf spot

  as dead leaves In field-grown tomato and pepper, rotate fields to prevent infection from volunteer plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity [...] causes small, water-soaked lesions on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is [...] bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions may merge as they grow and later also