Powdery mildew

General Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that is caused by many different species of fungi such as Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Oïdium, Leveillula. Damage [...] fungus causing powdery mildew is extremely sensitive to water and ‘hides’ on the underside of the leaves. Therefore, this is where the colonies mostly occur [...] structures are produced, the haustoria, from which the fungus penetrates the plant cell and takes up nutrients from the epidermal layer of plant cells. Most

Tomato leafminer

belongs to the family of Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae species . The main host is tomato but it also feeds on other solanaceous [...] tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) are cylindrical. Their colour varies from creamy white to bright yellow, darkening in the embryonic phase and becoming

Banana

About The banana ( Musa spp.) is a nutritious fruit that grows from various large, herbaceaous flowering plants belonging to the genus Musa . Botanically [...] y speaking the fruit is a berry and it varies in colour, size and firmness. Bananas mostly are elongated and curved. Its flesh is soft, rich in starch [...] grow in bunches downwards from the top of the plant. Nowadays, almost all edible, seedless (parthenocarpic) bananas derive from only two different, wild

Greenhouse whitefly

vaporariorum ) originally comes from tropical and subtropical America, probably Brazil or Mexico. Hundreds of plant species from different families serve as [...] and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking [...] sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding on plant

Angular leaf spot

veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when using different light sources: when reflected light is used, the lesions look dark green [...] General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions [...] green, but when transmitted light is used, they are translucent. When conditions are humid, a viscous bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf

Cottony cushion scale

subtropical countries of the world. It is also periodically discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but is not generally a pest in these situations [...] of the same individual. Males are occasionally produced from unfertilized eggs, but mating is not necessary for reproduction. The adult male has well developed [...] General The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi , is considered to have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about

Bacterial spot

development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata [...] General Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato [...] on the leaves are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial (underside of) leaf surfaces

American serpentine leaf miner

) originates from North America, but occurs also in Europe since about 1976. The American serpentine leaf miner ( Liriomyza trifolii ) is highly polyphagous [...] pea, bean and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms [...] and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are entirely ochre-yellow. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to

Citrus mealybug

sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction [...] produce little wax, so that the light yellow to pink body is visible through its waxy covering. There is often a darker longitudinal stripe running over the [...] and two long tail filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females and as soon as a male emerges from its cocoon, it goes in search of a female. A

Wheat

the Mediterranean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers from about the end of May to the beginning [...] commonly T. aestivum ) is a cereal grain, but botanically a particular type of fruit referred to as caryopsis. Wheat originates from southwestern Asia, or [...] beginning of June. This flowering period is rather long (usually lasting longer than a week), because not all flowers of one single plant open at the same time