• Potato aphid

  stripe is dark green, while in pink specimens it is dark red. This longitudinal stripe is specifically characteristic of the potato aphid and is particularly [...] aphid ( Macrosiphum euphorbiae ) is of North American origin, but is these days distributed throughout the world. It is a highly polyphagous species with [...] sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium

• Tobacco whitefly

  throughout the world. It causes damage in (sub-)tropical areas especially. The tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) is feared because of its high level of resistance [...] deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .) is encouraged, making it unsuitable for sale [...] and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking

• Aphidius ervi

  of Aphidius ervi Aphidius ervi is a very dark aphid parasitoid. The waist is entirely black, without striping. As it can develop in large aphid species [...] the world due to its effectiveness. An Aphidius ervi female wasp can parasitize hundreds of aphids within two days. Aphidius ervi is used for the control [...] Aphidius ervi is available in a bottle ( Ervipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved

• Grape downy mildew

  ion (depending on temperature and humidity), the disease is often well-established before it can be visually detected in the field. Leaf symptoms Yellowish [...] Management (IPM) programs. The free-living amoeba Willaertia magna C2c Maky is known for its ability to produce a wide range of bio-active compounds involved in [...] though in milder climates it can also persist as mycelium within infected buds and canes. In spring, oospore germination is triggered when temperatures

• Angular leaf spot

  veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when using different light sources: when reflected light is used, the lesions look dark green [...] of water. These conditions occur mostly in the spring if it rains or when sprinkler irrigation is used. Healthy, well growing plants are more susceptible [...] General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  General Pyrenochaeta lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen, infecting tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms [...] the roots with lengthwise cracks. No discoloration is present in the xylem tissues which distinguishes it from wilts caused by Verticillium or Fusarium . [...] particles by farm equipment and cultivation practices. However, this fungus is a poor competitor against a balanced microbial population in soil. How to

• Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

  stinger, as is the case with honeybees and wasps. Drones cannot sting. The stinger is a weapon for defence. When a bee stings, some venom is injected into [...] withdraw her stinger, and is able to sting again. A honeybee’s stinger does have barbs. When a honeybee tries to withdraw its stinger, it tears loose from the [...] reaction in particular, the chance is small. Reactions to bumblebee stings may differ in each case. These days it is possible to take a test using purified

• Soybean

  or soya bean is a so-called legume and indigenous to East Asia. It is extensively cultivated for its edible beans. The fruit of the plant is a hairy pod [...] brown, but also blue, yellow or green. When planting soybean plants, there is considerably more protein produced per acre than when planting other crops

• Crane flies

  General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do not cause an

• Apple

  deciduous apple tree belongs to the rose family and is now cultivated for its fruit all over the world. It is the most common cultivated species of the genus [...] of the apple is protected by a layer of epicuticular wax. Apples usually have a yellowish-white coloured exocarp. Sometimes their flesh is also pink or [...] About The apple tree (often named Malus domestica by mistake) is best known for the apple, the tree’s usually sweet and pomaceous fruit. Apples originate