• Early blight

  petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms [...] sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause

• Grape downy mildew

  Grape downy mildew or grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola , is one of the most important diseases in wine and table grape production [...] as a lysate, these compounds support plant protection by acting both on the plant surface and by activating the plant’s natural defense mechanisms. This [...] of Grape downy mildew Plasmopara viticola is an obligate biotrophic pathogen of grapevines, characterized by sexual overwintering and rapid asexual cycles

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  General Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium which is limited to xylem tissue. It has many hosts, many of which show minor or no symptoms. More [...] In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves are a darker green [...] midsummer. The necrotic area spreads over the leaf from the margin and is marked by a chlorotic band. In the beginning, only a few leaves per branch are

• Damping-off

  le conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at

• Black leg of seedlings

  le conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium ultimum mostly occurs at low soil

• Black rot of carrots

  petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms [...] sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause

• Verticillium wilt

  mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is limited. Dispersal from plant to plant takes place via water, soil [...] Prevent damage to the roots by controlling the nematodes, as damaged spots can be used as points of entry Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential [...] brown or greenish, but much less distinct than the discolouration caused by Fusarium . The root system usually stays mostly intact. In rose, branches

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  conditions for years in the soil, but little else is known about the life cycle. The fungus is dispersed by water, air and soil particles. How to prevent Black [...] light-brown. The lesions can be enclosed by pseudostromata: dark coloured tissue that looks like black stripes. The disease is usually restricted to a few of the [...] General Phomopsis sclerotioides is a plant pathogen infecting cucurbits, causing black root rot of cucurbits. Damage symptoms Phomopsis sclerotioides causes

• Bacterial spot

  development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata [...] General Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato [...] specks grow into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start

• Cottony soft rot

  the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the [...] source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring plants is by mycelial growth. How to prevent Cottony soft rot Practice dry cultivation/be [...] General Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms