• Blight of pepper

  General Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes blight and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops. Damage symptoms [...] seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and fruits. Several Phytophthora species cause root- and crown rot in potted plants. The small [...] brown-black lesions occur on the larger roots. Plants wilt and the crown leaves drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Blight of pepper Phytophthora species

• Early blight

  stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the [...] Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early blight of potato and early blight of tomato, [...] presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation

• Loose smut of wheat

  General Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms [...] symptoms Infection by Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici remains invisible until head emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead [...] Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  General Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash [...] They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth [...] growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding from the stomata. Life cycle

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes. Additionally, pathogenic Agrobacterium s pecies have recently [...] recently been assigned to the genus Rhizobium . These pathogenic bacteria were formerly known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agr [...] rhizogenes and Agrobacterium rubi, n ow the first part of the name is changed to Rhizobium. Rhizobium rhizogenes or Rhizobium radiobacter causes crazy

• Cottony soft rot

  also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft [...] soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium [...] mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this disease its name cottony soft rot. In the mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with

• Wheat bunt

  tritici and Tilletia laevis only differ in one gene and easily hybridize. There is debate whether they should indeed be considered separate species, since they [...] such as common wheat bunt, stinking smut, karnal bunt of wheat. Damage symptoms Plantsinfected by Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis are hard to distinguish [...] may be slightly stunted. Infected (bunted) heads are slender and remain green longer than healthy heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all

• Fusarium wilt

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. Damage symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot [...] blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side

• Charcoal rot

  Macrophomina phaseolina is a common soil fungus in warmer regions, causing charcoal rot. It has a very wide range of host crops, many of which are economically [...] food crops. Damage symptoms In strawberry, this pathogen causes wilting of foliage, stunting of plants and drying and death of older leaves. The youngest [...] bearing fruit or are subjected to stress. Severely infected plants collapse and die. When the crown is cut, internal symptoms can be seen, such as discolouration

• Black sigatoka disease

  also known as black sigatoka, is an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes [...] spots or streaks on leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size [...] ultimately dies. In cases of severe infection leaves may die within a few weeks. Because of the lack of leaf tissues, fruit maturity is hampered. Life cycle