Apple scab

petioles and fruits and sometimes on twigs and bud scales. The lesions are olive-green. When spores are produced, the lesions become grey and fluffy. The [...] unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores. Depending [...] are released and repeat the cycle of infection of new plant parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have

Green peach aphid

cycle and appearance of green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] grey-green, pink or red in colour. They appear matt, never glossy. Winged individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a yellow-green to green or [...] native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution. The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is a particularly polyphagous

Spotted Wing Drosophila

its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and Europe where [...] wing drosophila Adult spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller than females. They can be easily [...] three larval instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii are tan-brown and 3 mm long. Contrary to

Beetles

largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or stored products. [...] aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must pass through a pupal instar before reaching [...] stage. Larvae have biting mouthparts and mostly feed on the same food as the adults. The pupae do not make a cocoon and will already display many similarities

Greenhouse whitefly

gerbera and poinsettia. Find solutions for whitefly in your crop Damage symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume [...] physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development [...] development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty

Thrips

patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. At a later stage, the empty cells become desiccated and the adjacent [...] species. Most are harmless, some are predators, and fewer than 20 species can cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 [...] largest species found in the tropics. In temperate regions they are not larger than 2.5 mm. All thrips species that cause damage in green-houses belong to

Rose aphid

cycle and appearance of Rose aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses [...] aphid, Macrosiphum rosae , is a serious and often abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Infestations [...] is dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter

Whitefly

solutions for whitefly in your crop Life cycle of whitefly Whitefly damage The larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of [...] physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development [...] development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. By sucking plant sap and secreting honeydew, whitefly reduces the aesthetic value of crops. This is

Caterpillars

on leaves and young shoots, and their enormous feeding capacity can rapidly decimate a plant. Very small caterpillars are not able to chew and therefore [...] Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. Butterflies and moths form the order Lepidoptera, a very large group with more than 150,000 species [...] damage crops. Most of them feed on nectar. In contrast, the caterpillars have biting and chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue

Tea mosquito bug

The life cycle is completed in 15 to 20 days in summer and 45 to 60 days in winter. It has several generations per year and in extreme winter the adults [...] serious pest in tea growing areas. Helopeltis antonii attack cashew nut guava, neem and tea. Damage symptoms Helopeltis is a sucking pest. Nymphs and adults [...] punctured snot to dry and die, curling of leaves, badly deformed and eventually fall off. The infested shoot also shows same such spots and subsequently drying