• Bacterial spot

  as they grow. The centre of the lesions may fall out as they become drier. Under humid conditions, the spots may merge with lesions on the petioles and [...] halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial (underside [...] infection, pepper plants shed the leaves that are severely infected. Humid conditions are conducive for lesion expansion. On the stems, long, narrow cankers

• Charcoal rot

  reported. The density of the microsclerotia in the soil is directly related to disease incidence. Within 24 hours the fungus infects the roots of the host by [...] Cutting the roots may show the same discolouration of the internal tissues of the main roots. In most crops, necrotic lesions on the roots are the first [...] germ tubes. During the next two days, necrotic spots occur on the roots and the fungus spreads into the cortex and vascular tissue. In the infected host tissues

• Grape mealy bug

  severe infestation of mealy bugs. Feeding damage in grapes is minimal but the marketability is greatly affected due to its cottony egg mass, honey dew, sooty [...] mobile, start sucking the plant sap and form colonies and are orange in colour. Female mealy bugs are abundantly found causing damage to the crop while males [...] to considerable yield loss. Damage symptoms Adults and nymphs suck the sap from the leaves, shoots, flowers and grape bunches. Malformation of leaves and

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  crown gall The primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but [...] infection is characterized by excessive root growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers [...] but it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection also takes place via wounds. After infection, galls are formed which

• Powdery mildew

  infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata and there [...] Rosaceae , the fungus causing powdery mildew is extremely sensitive to water and ‘hides’ on the underside of the leaves. Therefore, this is where the colonies [...] remains on the outside of the plant surface. On the mycelium on the plant surface, new conidiophores are formed, structures which contain new spores, the conidia

• Thripor-L

  and suck out the contents. Visual effect The predatory bugs actively search for prey. With their piercing mouthparts, they extract the contents of their [...] encourage mating Make sure the material remains undisturbed at the introduction site for a few hours after application Dosage The dosage of Thripor-L depends [...] distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for your situation. Environmental conditions Optimal temperatures for Thripor-L are above 20°C

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• Rose aphid

  presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark [...] General The rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae , is a serious and often abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage [...] dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter some

• Red palm weevil

  Due to the specific morphology of the palms, direct or indirect destruction of the apical bud will lead to the death of the plant, which makes the red palm [...] larvae migrate to the periphery of the palms to build a solid elongated cocoon made of rolled-up palm fibres. After the cocoon is formed the larva enters a [...] Europe with distribution through the Mediterranean since the 1980s. Damage symptoms It is very difficult to recognize the first signs of red palm weevil

• Melon thrips

  pale white in colour. The nymphs resemble the adults in general body form but it lacks wings and are smaller. Nymph development time is dependent on temperature [...] General It is polyphagous pest and has been recorded more than 36 plants families. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults are damaging stage. Infested leaves [...] transmits virus from infected to healthy plants. Life cycle and appearance The reproduction in Thrips palmi takes place by sexual as well as partheno-generic