Parasitic wasps

wasps control pests in agriculture. This process involves the parasitic wasp laying its eggs inside or on a host pest. Here's how it works: Egg laying: [...] host pest is typically killed in the process. Host feeding In addition to parasitization, some parasitic wasps also engage in host feeding. This behavior [...] insects that play a crucial role in natural pest control. They are called "parasitic" because they lay their eggs inside or on harmful pest insects. These parasitic

Angular leaf spot

survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid conditions, bacteria ooze from the lesions on the leaves [...] that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria are also introduced in a crop in new transplants. This bacterium is very resistant [...] the day and cold nights, in combination with high humidity or presence of water. These conditions occur mostly in the spring if it rains or when sprinkler

Oleander aphid

can be found in tropical to warm temperate regions throughout the world. It probably originated in the Mediterranean region, the origin of its principal host [...] several important ornamental plants in the families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds ( Asclepias sp [...] abdomen). Nymphs are similar to apterae in appearance except that they are smaller. Size ranges from 1.5 to 2.6 mm in length. Females are viviparous and p

Anagyrus vladimiri

vladimiri lays its eggs inside the body of the mealybug. Upon hatching, the larvae feed on the internal tissues of the mealybug, gradually consuming it from within [...] host. Anagyrus vladimiri also engages in host feeding, where the adult female wasp feeds on the body fluids of its mealybug hosts. This behavior serves [...] female is about 1.5-2 mm in length and brown, with distinctive black and white banded antennae. The male is 0.8 mm in length and black in colour. Anagyrus vladimiri

Pierce's disease of grapevine

plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria are [...] Recently, it is becoming more problematic in olive. Life cycle and appearance of Pierce's disease of grapevine The bacteria live in xylem vessels in roots [...] die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which

Greenhouse whitefly

leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres [...] spp .) is encouraged, making it unsuitable for sale. In serious cases the fruit will rot. Sooty moulds also develop on the leaves, reducing photosynthesis [...] species from different families serve as suitable hosts for this whitefly. It occurs on many crops, including aubergine, beans, cucumber, sweet pepper, tomato

American serpentine leaf miner

leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) eats its way outwards from its egg, so that its mines join [...] gypsophila, celery, sweet pepper, pea, bean and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread [...] exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning

Mushroom

spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies [...] of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets have been commercially grown on mushroom farms. The most [...] Agaricus bisporus , is considered safe for most people to eat because it is grown in controlled, sterilized environments. Several varieties of A. bisporus

Grape mealy bug

bugs are found in crevices of stem, on leaves and berries. Mealy bugs are pinkish and covered with white mealy wax. Female lays 300-500 eggs in loose cottony [...] males. Mealy bug completes its life cycle in 30 days. Ants are get attracted to honey dew secreted by mealy bug and helps in spreading of mealy bugs. Damage [...] are orange in colour. First instar nymphs also called as crawlers are mobile, start sucking the plant sap and form colonies and are orange in colour. Female

Mealybugs and scales

because of the sooty mould that grows on it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew. In fact, the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign [...] mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value. Armoured [...] fruit are concerned, these often drop off; plant sap is low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must