• Charcoal rot

  as opposed to by spores. Microsclerotia can be dispersed in soil particles by farm equipment, people, packing materials etc. The fungus may be transferred [...] bearing fruit or are subjected to stress. Severely infected plants collapse and die. When the crown is cut, internal symptoms can be seen, such as discolouration [...] tion of vascular and cortex tissue (outer tissue layer) to orange-brown to dark brown. Cutting the roots may show the same discolouration of the internal

• Tutasan

  needs to be used in combination with Pherodis pheromone dispensers. The dispensers release a species-specific pheromone which lures the male moths to the [...] by females who fail to mate. Presentation One trap. Preparation Place the pheromone dispenser in the green canister and attach it to the upper central part [...] part of the trap Fill the trap with water to the level indicated If possible connect the trap to a dripper and make sure the water drips properly into

• Angular leaf spot

  exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions may merge as they grow and later also become visible [...] but also all types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection. Life cycle and [...] spring if it rains or when sprinkler irrigation is used. Healthy, well growing plants are more susceptible than diseased or stressed plants. How to prevent

• Tea

  climate. The ideal temperature for growth is 20-30 0 C. It requires well distributed rainfall from 150 to 300cm throughout the year. Tea plantation is shade [...] Tea belongs to the genus Camellia and family Camelliaceae. Tea plant is an economically important plantation crop extensively cultivated in the hills of

• Loose smut of barley

  Infection mostly occurs before pollination and within one to two days after pollination. How to prevent Loose smut of barley Use clean seed: Apply systemic [...] sp. hordei affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Damage symptoms Infection [...] grows upwards inside the plant into the growing tip and the seed primordia. It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed

• Aphidius ervi

  from its introduction site for at least a few days The dosage of Ervipar depends on climate, crop and aphid density and should always be adjusted to the [...] internal tissues. They use their mouthparts to puncture the aphid and consume its bodily fluids, ultimately leading to the host's demise. In environments where [...] aphid to parasitize. Because of this, the disturbance of aphid colonies can have a serious impact. The aphids can be spread through the crop, and it has

• Verticillium wilt

  the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue [...] is limited. Dispersal from plant to plant takes place via water, soil particles, tools, etc. Verticillium can also be seed-borne and tuber-borne. The optimum [...] optimum temperature around 25-27 °C. How to prevent Verticillium wilt Start with clean soil or substrate by heating it at a temperature if at least 65 o C for

• Mushroom

  large enough to be observed with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous) where they may be picked by hand [...] popular of these, Agaricus bisporus , is considered safe for most people to eat because it is grown in controlled, sterilized environments. Several varieties [...] fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several

• Soybean

  or soya bean is a so-called legume and indigenous to East Asia. It is extensively cultivated for its edible beans. The fruit of the plant is a hairy pod [...] pod, that grows clustered in small bunches of three to five pods. Each pod measures between 3-8 centimetres long (1-3 inch) and contains two or four seeds [...] measure 5-11 mm in diameter. Soybean seeds vary greatly in size and the hull can be black or brown, but also blue, yellow or green. When planting soybean plants

• Mango

  indica , found its way to the rest of the world and it has become one of the largest cultivated products in the tropics. Mango trees grow up to 35-40 meters [...] feet) tall and its crown can expand to 10 metres (33 feet) wide. The trees can grow really old and from some species of trees, mangoes can be harvested for [...] for 300 years. It takes three to six months for mangoes to ripen.