• Cutworms

  segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground, thereby often cutting the stems of young plants. This is where [...] larva often cuts one plant and quickly moves on to other plants and continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations of cutworms can destroy entire [...] hairs. The eggs are white at first but rapidly turn darker. They are laid separately or in batches on the ground, or on the plant close to ground level. The

• Fusarium wilt

  vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant. Most Fusarium [...] turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can [...] cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores

• Amblyseius swirskii

  search for food on the underside of leaves. They often congregate in the axils of leaf veins to rest. Their colour can vary according to the prey eaten [...] lucent whitish to opaque white or yellow. Due to their size and colour they are difficult to spot in the crop. Best conditions for use of Amblyseius swirskii [...] day and lay 1.4 eggs per day on this prey Life cycle of Amblyseius swirskii The life cycle of Amblyseius swirskii consists of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected [...] Warm (25-30 °C) and humid (RH above 85%) conditions increase chances of infection. How to prevent Fusarium head blight or scab Remove or destroy crop residues

• Apple collar rot

  For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected [...] system and black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with sharp borders occur. Above the graft and on leaves, dark brown, irregular [...] then the whole plant. Life cycle and appearance of Apple collar rot Phytophthora species are very destructive organisms belonging to the Oomycetes and

• Red palm weevil

  tissue. Due to the specific morphology of the palms, direct or indirect destruction of the apical bud will lead to the death of the plant, which makes [...] areas) with a low to moderate proportion of fibres. Their feeding causes deterioration of this tissue, making it easier for adult weevils to lay eggs deeper [...] size of black marks. Eggs are creamy white, shiny and oblong. Larvae are creamy white, legless, pyriform with a brown head and body comprised of 13 segments

• Leaf stripe

  temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection Use clean [...] disease of Barley that causes significant yield losses. Damage symptoms Symptoms first occur on the first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other [...] the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  tuber-borne. Spread from plant to plant results from bacteria moving from the roots of infected plants to neighbouring plants. The bacteria can also be [...] potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia solanacearum are wilting and yellowing of leaves and stunted plants. Inside, vascular [...] the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse of plants happens rapidly. Leaves remain green after

• Wheat bunt

  temperature of around 6 to 7 °C during that period. Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point is best for infection. How to prevent [...] karnal bunt of wheat. Damage symptoms Plantsinfected by Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis are hard to distinguish from infected plants before head emergence [...] appearance of Wheat bunt Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in the soil or on seed. These teliospores germinate in response to moisture

• American serpentine leaf miner

  melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can get damaged before [...] crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate. A small percentage of the larvae [...] mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly