• Black leg of seedlings

  infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings Pythium belongs to [...] Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form so-called sporangia from [...] and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection

• Root rot of carrot

  exhibit by necrotic leaf spots Life cycle and appearance of Root rot of carrots The fungus of R. carotae has delicate, simple morphological features hence [...] 7.1 (optimum 4.2–4.7). This affinity for acidic conditions may explain the concentration of this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway) [...] only host plant of the fungus. How to prevent root rot of carrot Studies have shown that 3several key factors influencing the occurrence of blemishes and

• Black rot of carrots

  appearance of Black rot of carrots Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary [...] crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, in the case of black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) up to 8 [...] primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  in olive. Damage symptoms Grapevines: Primary infection of leaves results in leaf scorch. Part of a green leaf suddenly dies and turns brown with adjacent [...] (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which may survive more than five years. Stone fruit (peaches and plums): In peach, the canopy of infected [...] occur on the underside of the leaves. These lesions start out in a light-brown colour, turning to dark-brown or necrosis. Fruits of infected trees are much

• Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

  Level 3 - level 1 and/or 2 symptoms plus difficulties in breathing and/or a feeling of suffocating Level 4 - level 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 symptoms plus heart [...] hyperventilation, perhaps as a result of shock, may also cause loss of consciousness. In such cases it is also necessary to call the emergency medical services [...] Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies This information on bumblebee stings provides guidance for reducing the chance of being stung by a bumblebee

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands, and Pestalotiopsis longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such [...] clavispora and Phytophthora cactorum . Life cycle and appearance of Root and crown rot of strawberry Not much is known about the life cycle. The fungus produces [...] such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy may change. Pestalotiopsis clavispora

• Asian citrus psyllid

  Diaphorina citri ), is an important pest of citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious citrus disease called greening disease or Huanglongbing [...] responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In North America, it has spread through most of the southern states and Mexico [...] stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting copious amounts of honeydew and a thread-like

• Pear

  belongs to the family of Rosaceae and sub family of Pomoideae , together with the apple and quince. The genus Pyrus consists of around 22 species, which [...] About The so-called European pear or common pear ( Pyrus communis ) is a pear species that originates in central and eastern Europe and southwest Asia [...] tree and cultivated for its fruit. The tree grows small, white flowers (about 2.5 cm or 1 inch in diameter) and produces a pyriform, fleshy fruit. Pear trees

• Crane flies

  General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses [...] (larval stages) an reach 2.5 cm in length when fully grown. Pupae are greyish-brown, and 2.5 cm long. After adults emerge, part of the pupal case can be found [...] causes brown spots in grasslands, turf and cereal fields. Exit holes of the burrows of the larvae might also be visible. Secondary damage may come from birds

• Strawberry

  About The so-called garden strawberry or Fragaria x ananassa , is nowadays extensively cultivated for its tasty fruit. The particular species of strawberry [...] hybrid species of the genus Fragaria (collectively referred to as the strawberries). Technically speaking, the strawberry is a so-called aggregate accessory [...] edible part of the fruit does not develop from the plant’s ovaries, but from the receptacle that holds these same ovaries. The so-called ‘seeds’ (achenes)