• Oleander aphid

  the origin of its principal host plant, oleander. Damage symptoms The colonies of bright yellow aphids can easily be seen on the shoots of the host plants [...] yellow and black with dark wing veins while the wingless forms (apterae) are yellow with black cornicles, antennae, legs, and cauda (tip of abdomen). Nymphs [...] General The oleander aphid, Aphis nerii , sometimes also called the milkweed aphid, is a common pest of several important ornamental plants in the families

• Soybean

  America) or soya bean is a so-called legume and indigenous to East Asia. It is extensively cultivated for its edible beans. The fruit of the plant is a hairy pod [...] small bunches of three to five pods. Each pod measures between 3-8 centimetres long (1-3 inch) and contains two or four seeds that measure 5-11 mm in diameter [...] diameter. Soybean seeds vary greatly in size and the hull can be black or brown, but also blue, yellow or green. When planting soybean plants, there is

• Click beetles

  larvae are called wireworms and feed on the roots of many plants. Damage symptoms The click beetles feed on the roots and bore into the base of plants. This [...] plants. Life cycle and appearance of Click beetles Adult Agriotis sp. are 6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in [...] yellowish brown or light brown with a darker head. Larval development takes 4 to 5 years. When fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults

• Asian citrus psyllid

  Diaphorina citri ), is an important pest of citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious citrus disease called greening disease or Huanglongbing [...] responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In North America, it has spread through most of the southern states and Mexico [...] stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting copious amounts of honeydew and a thread-like

• Black leg of seedlings

  infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings Pythium belongs to [...] Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form so-called sporangia from [...] substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Black leg of seedlings Use resistant

• Crane flies

  General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses [...] (larval stages) an reach 2.5 cm in length when fully grown. Pupae are greyish-brown, and 2.5 cm long. After adults emerge, part of the pupal case can be found [...] causes brown spots in grasslands, turf and cereal fields. Exit holes of the burrows of the larvae might also be visible. Secondary damage may come from birds

• Wheat bunt

  harvest and release black, powdery spores, that smell like fish, hence the common name stinking bunt. Life cycle and appearance of Wheat bunt Tilletia [...] res, also called primary sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other [...] laevis cause diseases such as common wheat bunt, stinking smut, karnal bunt of wheat. Damage symptoms Plantsinfected by Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis

• Dwarf bunt

  and release black, powdery spores, that smell like fish, hence the common name stinking bunt. Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal [...] appearance of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection [...] from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores, also called primary sporidium. Two mating

• General Conditions Koppert

  I n case of liquidation, insolvency, suspension of payments, bankruptcy, transfer of business or merger or divestment of the Buyer; vesting of a pledge [...] damage as a result of loss of harvest, crop damage and/or damage due to deterioration of the structure of the soil. The payments of damages claimed shall [...] the date of delivery shall apply. Article 5. Delivery, title and risk 5.1 Delivery takes place, depending on what has been agreed, by issue of the Natural