Asian citrus psyllid

into plant tissue to feed. Adults feed on young stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting [...] of honeydew and a thread-like waxy substance so black sooty mold develops on the honeydew. Their feeding damages citrus by burning back new shoots or causing [...] Nymphs and adults of the psyllid take the bacteria into their bodies by feeding on bacteria-infected plants and then disease is spread when adults fly to a healthy

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to [...] reach epidemic population densities. It can survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in

Rose aphid

Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on which black sooty moulds develop. Life cycle and appearance of Rose aphid [...] siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter some adults may continue [...] continue to reproduce parthenogenetically. Large colonies of aphids can build up on roses in spring and summer; sometimes shoots are completely covered by aphids

Mushroom

spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies [...] of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets have been commercially grown on mushroom farms. The most

Mealybugs and scales

cause by sucking plant sap, mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit [...] mealybugs & scales Mealybug & scale damage Although most species of mealybugs feed on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract their nourishment from [...] A few species can also transmit harmful viruses. Mealybugs inflict damage on the crop in various ways: nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

and feed on mealybug nymphs and adults. Pupal stage: Larvae pupate in various places, on any convenient stalk or on the underside of leaves or on even greenhouse [...] control . Originating from Australia, this beetle species preys primarily on mealybugs , including species such as the citrus mealybug and the long-tailed [...] Cryptolaemus montrouzieri All moving stages of Cryptolaemus montriouzieri prey on mealybugs , seizing their prey and consuming them entirely. Adult ladybirds

Woolly apple aphid

sticky “wool” can be seen, mainly on spurs and branches. Many generations occur during the summer months, also on new growth. Water shoots arising from [...] quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Damage symptoms Galls are often produced on infested wood. These galls may seriously disfigure young trees and nursery [...] cycle and survival from year to year of the woolly aphid depends entirely on wingless, parthenogenetic and viviparous forms. Sometimes a few wingless

Crane flies

The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal [...] also be visible. Secondary damage may come from birds and rodents feeding on larvae and digging up turf. Life cycle and appearance of Crane flies Adult [...] clearly visible veins. Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface. Larvae are cylindrical, tapering toward the head, and grey-brown

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Western flower thrips

occidentalis) can be found on a wide variety of plants, including many vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses, and on various weeds. It is an especially [...] occidentalis) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and pupal instars [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the