Broad mite

Leaf feeding is mainly concentrated on the underside near the leaf stalk, which tends to cause the leaf to turn brown and curl up. A typical indication [...] possess four pairs. The last pair of legs in both males and females is different to the others and not used for walking. After moulting to the third larval stage [...] lay their eggs mainly on the underside of the leaf or on the fruit surface. The elongated, oval eggs are firmly attached to the surface and are rather large

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and pre-emergence damping [...] transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle [...] of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and surrounded by a dark brown

Orange

of oranges, the fruit of the Citrus X sinensis is regarded as a sweet orange, while the fruit of the Citrus X aurantium is recognized as a bitter orange [...] Orange About The orange and in particular the sweet orange is the fruit that derives from the citrus species Citrus X sinensis that belongs to the family of [...] mandarin. The hybrid however is not a basic backcrossed BC1 hybrid, but the orange is actually hybridized over multiple generations. When it comes to the fruit

Leaf miners

lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of [...] miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of [...] cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue which can lead to desiccation

Leaf stripe

graminea is monocyclic, which means there is only one disease cycle during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the [...] infection. The fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when humidity is high and wind-dispersed to neighbouring [...] formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death

Black sigatoka disease

streaks on leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and turn brown [...] them, so the spores cannot be discharged from the lower leaves in the stack Use under-canopy (drip) irrigation to reduce splash dispersal Lower the humidity [...] conidia. The ascospores are wind-dispersed over longer distances, the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop. Both types of spores cause the exact same

Loose smut of wheat

survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into the growing tip and the seed primordia. It [...] Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives [...] sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Solution Finder Find solutions

Amblyseius swirskii

shake the bottle gently before use Push the centre of the cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes Make sure the material [...] exposed to direct sunlight Sachets already have an exit hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory mites The dosage [...] slightly larger. The larvae of Amblyseius swirskii do not need to feed. The nymphs are larger than the larvae, have eight legs, and are a whitish yellow

Tomato

About The tomato plant ( Solanum lycopersicum) belongs to the nightshade family of Solanaceae . The tomato is the edible fruit of this plant. The plant [...] plant is native to Central and South America and the tropical highlands. Tomato plants usually grow to a height of between 1-3 metres (or 3-10 feet). Their [...] Their stem is not so strong, so if not supported (like in a greenhouse) the stem often extends over the ground. Indeterminate tomato types are so-called ‘tender’

Grape downy mildew

older leaves: small, angular, yellow to reddish-brown spots forming a mosaic-like pattern. Sporulation occurs on the lower leaf surface, appearing as white [...] Plasmopara viticola is an obligate biotrophic pathogen of grapevines with sexual overwintering and asexual cycles during the growing season. The pathogen overwinters [...] instead of overhead irrigation to reduce leaf wetness. Ploughing to bury oospores in leaf litter and avoiding prolonged irrigation to prevent oospore germination