• Citrus leaf miner

  Life cycle and appearance The moth lays the eggs singly up to 50 on lower surface of the leaves near the mid-rib. The caterpillar enters the leaf tissue [...] tissue after hatching from the egg and starts mining between the two layers. The larvae excrete their faeces into the mine forming a visible trail. Pupation [...] in all regions where Citrus sp. is grown. Damage symptoms The minute larvae enter the leaf tissues of tender leaves and feeding on them produces snake-like

• Greenhouse whitefly

  rods. This is called the pupa stadium and these pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result [...] result of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding

• Tobacco whitefly

  although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) [...] which the red eyes and white wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result

• American serpentine leaf miner

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause

• Rose aphid

  presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark [...] General The rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae , is a serious and often abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage [...] Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on

• Tea spider mite

  cycle. The blood red colour eggs are laid all along the veins and mid-rib on upper surface of the leaves. Freshly hatched larva is yellow orange and the larval [...] causes damage to the tea plant which sucks the sap of leaves and occasionally on petioles. Red spider mite attacks the upper surface of the mature leaves. [...] along the veins and midrib and gradually spreads to entire leaf. Youngs leaves are also equally affected. Infested leaves become reddish bronze and spider

• Melon thrips

  pale white in colour. The nymphs resemble the adults in general body form but it lacks wings and are smaller. Nymph development time is dependent on temperature [...] General It is polyphagous pest and has been recorded more than 36 plants families. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults are damaging stage. Infested leaves [...] then crinkle and die. Damaged terminal become discoloured, stunted and deformed. They preferably feed on leaves, less damage to buds and flowers. In addition

• Cotton bollworm

  instars the head is mottled, and the body is marked with three prominent longitudinal dark bands with numerous lighter coloured wavy lines. The colour of [...] long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil [...] although the preference is for smaller specimens. The fruits stop growing, mature rapidly, and drop off. In legumes, flowers are attacked, and seed pods

• Tomato leaf miner

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] percentage of the larvae remain hanging on the leaf and pupate there, sometimes on the upper surface but more commonly on the underside. The late third instar

• Onion thrips

  prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks [...] patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. [...] General The onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions,