• Dwarf bunt

  turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. [...] General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] without suitable host for as long as ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores

• Grapevine powdery mildew

  Grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a widespread fungal disease that poses a serious threat to commercial viticulture worldwide. The pathogen [...] symptoms of Grapevine powdery mildew Symptoms of grapevine powdery mildew vary according to the phenological growth stage and the severity of the infection [...] aroma and marketability Lifecycle of Grapevine powdery mildew The lifecycle of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is closely synchronized with the

• Apple collar rot

  General Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen that causes root rot, rhizome rot of strawberry, apple rot, apple collar rot and crown rot. It has an [...] s containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are formed, that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia [...] spreads more rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. How to prevent Apple collar rot

• Damping-off

  little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the [...] stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group [...] especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form so-called

• Gummy stem blight

  tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia for spread of the disease downwards [...] most important symptom is internal fruit rot, which can only be recognized from the outside by the small narrowing of the tip of the mature fruits. The [...] General Mycosphaerella cucumis (Didymella bryoniae) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in

• Phytophthora blight

  was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. Life cycle and appearance of Phytophthora [...] s containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia [...] zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen

• Cryptobug-L

  at intervals of 1-2 weeks, or until the pest is controlled. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the [...] the best strategy for your situation. Environmental conditions The minimum temperature for use of Cryptobug is 16°C/61°F. However, as Cryptolaemus montrouzieri [...] temperatures, Cryptobug is most effective at temperatures between 25°C and 28°C (68 and 82°F). Combined use For effective control of citrus mealybug and grape

• Early blight

  years, up to eight years for several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early blight of potato and early blight of tomato, which presents itself [...] leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread [...] but in general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger under quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions

• Caterpillars

  Effective caterpillar control is therefore essential for maintaining healthy and productive crops. Biological control of caterpillars combines monitoring [...] the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all lepidopteran families. Most adults of this family are nocturnal. The caterpillars mostly [...] can rapidly decimate a plant. Very small caterpillars are not able to chew and therefore graze the underside of leaves. This causes a window effect where

• Vidi Greenpath

  children’s reach at ambient room temperature. Vidi Greenpath is stable for a period of 24 months from the manufacturing date. [...] desired amount to the spray tank. Add remainder of desired amount of water and mix thoroughly. Shake the bottle of Adpro Shootin and add the right dosage to [...] first appearance of the insect pest. Spray Vidi Greenpath combinations in the early hours of the morning or late in the afternoon for better results. Avoid